2020-2023年语法填空高考真题练
(2023新高考I卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 1 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 2 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 3 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 5 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6 (lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of 7 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is 9 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 10 (want) more next time.
(2023新高考II卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals?
Since June 2017, right before the 11 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 12 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 13 ?
Not the pandas, even though 14 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 15 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 16 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 17 they need an English trainer.
So, what are they learning? 18 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 19 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 20 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【2023▪全国乙卷】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong 21 royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully 22 (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place 23 welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural 24 (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, 25 somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 26 (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I 27 (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years 28 (record) everything I discovered.
The 29 (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, 30 (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【2023▪全国甲卷】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 31 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 32 (six) century, B.C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 33 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, 34 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, 35 (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 36 (intend) for everyone.
37 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 38 saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 39 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still 40 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【2023▪浙江1月卷】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 41 arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, 42 (original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 43 (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes 44 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 45 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 46 (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and 47 (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history 48 capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic 49 (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect 50 culture of grassroots Beijingers.
【2022新高考全国I卷】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 51 (cover)an area about three times 52 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 53 (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 54 (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 55 (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 56 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 57 (population)and homes of giant pandas, and 58 (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 59 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 60 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【2022全国乙卷】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 61 the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate 62 festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 (address) the opening ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the 64 (large) tea-producing country, China has a 65 (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a 66 (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67 cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
68 (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69 (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremony, opening 70 (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【2022全国甲卷】阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step 71 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, 72 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 73 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 74 friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 75 (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 76 (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao 77 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s 78 (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers 79 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, 80 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【2022新高考全国II卷】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the 81 (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he'll be OK.
82 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell 83 (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up 84 (see) them. When he looked down, he 85 (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. He hung on for a few minutes 86 screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry 87 (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. He quickly 88 (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my 89 (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know 90 to thank him.”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
【2022年浙江6月卷】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting 91 (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not 92 (do). John Olson, a former 93 (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to 94 blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their 95 (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of 96 (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly 97 age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he 98 (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
For Luc, this means 99 (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it 100 to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
【2022年浙江1月卷】阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(一个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics 101 are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane 102 (view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But Cobb and others 103 (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide more chances to participate remotely, and 104 (change) their personal behavior to do their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, 105 (rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists 106 (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak 107 she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of 108 time, they agreed. When the answer, was no, she, declined the 109 (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans 110 (continue) the practice. "It has been fairly rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
【2021新高考II卷】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've always loved the ocean. In the 111 (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California. I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, 112 (think)it is food.
I decided to do something 113 (educate) people about this problem. I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste. I wanted to reach businesses too. I decided that if I learned of a company 114 used a lot of plastic, I'd send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day, I saw a commercial for a health-care company. People in the ad were using plastic straws (吸管). I found the contact information of the company 115 emailed its president. I told him how 116 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options. I was so 117 (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
I kept going. Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic, I'd send an email. One of the biggest companies I wrote to 118 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris. A company 119 (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 120 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【2021浙江6月卷】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac, but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield, Illinois, 121 (prove)irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public. Beautifully restored(修复)to its 1860 appearance, the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years. In 1844 they bought it 122 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their 123 (marry)ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built, it was much 124 (small)than it is today. Mary’s niece wrote, “The little home 125 (paint)white.” It was sweet and fresh. Mary loved it. She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of 126 (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order.
Although Mary loved flowers, 127 she nor her husband was known as a gardener. A long- time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year. Mary’s sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over 128 (plant)flowers in the front yard.
129 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two-story in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family. Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here. After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861, they rented the house and 130 (sell)most of their furniture.
【2021全国甲卷】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It 131 (build) originally to protect the city 132 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复). It is possible 133 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate. The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 134 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 135 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 136 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky 137 did the job. It took us about 3 hours to go all 138 way around the Xi’an City Wall. Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and 139 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 140 (day) routines.
【2021全国乙卷】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 141 (educate) about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 142 (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 143 (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 144 the late 1980s. During that time, increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 145 growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various types 146 trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of 147 (visit) the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide 148 (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. 149 (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 150 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【2021新高考I卷】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 151 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 152 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 153 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 154 (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 155 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it 156 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure 157 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 158 (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in 159 (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is 160 must to visit!
【2021浙江1月卷】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 161 that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 162 gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 163 (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 164 (consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 165 2. 1 in women and men. In cities, however, the gain 166 (be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985,urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries 167 (study) had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 168 (sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 169 (live) in the countryside, including 170 (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
(2020·海南·高考真题)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
These days, it is not unusual for 10-to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or for second and third graders 171 (begin)computer classes. At the same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses continue to develop 172 (education)computer programs for children in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become a 173 (require)for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most 174 (profession)
The Digital World is a set of volumes 175 aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set explores 176 wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of major applications of digital systems, 177 discusses the influences they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible topics 178 (be)practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of technology. Readers 179 (encourage)to continue exploring the digital world with the guidance of 180 (we)Further Resources section featured in each volume.
【2020浙江6月卷】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 181 ,through agriculture. Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 182 could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown.
Farming produced more food per person 183 hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children. And,as more children were born,more food 184 (need). Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 185 (change)lives.
By about 6000 BC,people 186 (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise. Later,they learned to work with the 187 (season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas, 188 (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then,with 189 rise of science,changes began. New methods 190 (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last century or so,these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【2020浙江1月卷】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数的)age of an American in 1950 191 (be)30-today it is 41 and is expected 192 (increase)to 42 by 2050. For Japan, the 193 (number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65;by 2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven 194 two factors. The first is declining birthrates, which means old generations are large 195 (compare)to younger generations, and so, on average, the population becomes 196 (old)than before. This is 197 (particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today has 198 very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should 199 (place)on longevity(长寿). It isn't just that people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on average healthier 200 more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume more and in general be a boost to the economy.
参考答案:
1.tasty 2.to bite 3.or 4.recognized 5.by 6.to be lifted 7.their 8.a 9.rarely 10.wanting
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包,讲述了小笼包美味,发源地以及制作方法等等。
1.考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。
2.考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put并列作宾语,故填to bite。
3.考查连词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”,固定搭配,根据句意,故填or。
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语,故填recognized。
5.考查介词。句意:在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包,更少的汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配,根据句意,故填by。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted,故填to be lifted。
7.考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their,故填their。
8.考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的,清澈的,美味的。a touch of “一点点;稍许”,常用搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”常用作单数,故填a。
9.考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”,故填rarely。
10.考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是主语补足语,根据句意,I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wanting,故填wanting。
【点睛】
11.arrival 12.confident 13.with 14.the 15.visiting 16.interviews 17.why 18.Basically 19.and 20.wished
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语,大家都很疑惑,作者对此做出了解答。
11.考查名词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词。故填arrival。
12.考查形容词。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知,空处和前文的comfortable并列,作并列表语,应用形容词形式,confidence的形容词形式是confident。故填confident。
13.考查介词。句意:他们和谁说英语?分析句子结构可知,这道题的语序可以看成they speak English who,句子中有主语they,speak后有宾语,而who缺少一个介词,who做介词的宾语,又根据句意可推知,此处强调双向交流,应用固定搭配:speak with sb.意为“与某人交谈”。故填with。
14.考查冠词。句意:不是熊猫,尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知,此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言,表特指,应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
15.考查形容词。句意:他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈,这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语;visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。
16.考查名词的数。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知,空前是动词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一段采访,应用复数形式。故填interviews。
17.考查表语从句。句意:这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句,从句中结构完整,应该用连接副词连接,前文提到需要培训师的原因,此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意,应用why引导表语从句。故填why。
18.考查副词。句意:基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后整个句子,应该用副词修饰,basic的副词形式是basically位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Basically。
19.考查连词。句意:我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展,看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知,“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系,应该用and连接。故填and。
20.考查动词时态。句意:作为一个小女孩,我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知,本句缺少谓语动词,所以wish作本句谓语,和主语I之间是主动关系,根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。
【点睛】
21.to 22.built 23.which/that 24.wonders 25.but 26.Having visited 27.was amazed 28.recording 29.remarkable 30.means
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之间的独特结合,同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄影师,记录了这座城市的变化,并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。
21.考查介词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3000多年的辉煌历史,甚至从它的布局来看,这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,空处和上文保持一致,表示“从……到……”,用介词to。故填to。
22.考查非谓语动词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿,它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语,表示“精心建造的……”,和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系,用过去分词。故填built。
23.考查定语从句。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词,先行词为“a place”,在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。
24.考查名词。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词形式;根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
25.考查连词。句意:但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系,用but。故填but。
26.考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系;根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知,用完成时态,由此推断,空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首,首字母大写。故填Having visited。
27.考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词,根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
28.考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名摄影师,我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。故填recording。
29.考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
30.考查时态。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界,意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知,本句时态为一般现在时;主语为“development”,单数,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
【点睛】
31.to teach 32.sixth 33.as 34.where 35.borrowing 36.intended 37.Different 38.for 39.warning 40.be employed
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
31.考查非谓语动词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知,此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”,所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
32.考查数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
33.考查定语从句。句意:然而,正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说,寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句,且有“正如”之意,用关系代词as引导。故填as。
34.考查定语从句。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town,在非限定性定语从句作地点状语,所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
35.考查非谓语动词。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
36.考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,在简洁的风格背后,是每个人都想要传达的重要信息。be intended for打算为……所用,在句中作定语,所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
37.考查形容词。句意:与传统寓言不同,卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同,所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
38.考查介词。句意:她警告社会面临的环境危险,并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。
39.考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
40.考查语态。句意:卡森证明了一种简单的文字形式已经流传了几个世纪,今天仍然可以用来引起人们对重要真理的注意。从句主语a simple literal form与employ之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
【点睛】
41.and 42.originally 43.surrounded 44.were permitted 45.featured 46.spacious 47.simpler 48.as 49.events 50.the
【原文】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。
41.考查连词。句意:在中国的朝代时期,皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。分析句子结构可知,planned和arranged是并列的谓语动词,表示并列关系应用连词and连接。故填and。
42.考查副词。句意:胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思,首次出现在元朝。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式。故填originally。
43.考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构,was是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
44.考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系,因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
45.考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
46.考查形容词。句意:他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
47.考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简单,并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的smaller构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
48.考查介词。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知,空格处译为“作为”,as是介词意为“作为”,符合句意。故填as。
49.考查名词的数。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的故事,甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic可知,空格处需要填名词,且event为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填events。
50.考查冠词。句意:与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比,胡同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers可知,此处culture表示特指概念,应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
【点睛】
51.Covering 52.the 53.were 54.to increase 55.is designed 56.and 57.populations 58.eventually 59.as 60.that
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)的计划。
51.考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知,空处应填动词非谓语形式作状语,空处和逻辑主语the GPNP为主动关系,应用现在分词形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。
52.考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。分析句子可知,此处考查倍数表达法,即为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份,因此此处应填定冠词the。故填the。
53.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知,空处在that引导的定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语要用复数形式。故填were。
54.考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。分析句子可知,空处应填动词非谓语形式作目的状语,故空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。
55.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知,空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
56.考查连词。句意:GPNP旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。分析句子可知,空处前后为并列关系,应用并列连词and。故填and。
57.考查名词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知,空处和and后的复数名词homes并列,且在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population ,意为“种群”,且应用复数形式。故填populations。
58.考查副词。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知,空处后为动词achieve,空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve,结合语意可知,此处意为“最终”,应用副词eventually。故填eventually。
59.考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植物带来保护。分析句子可知,此处考查固定短语serve as,意为“充当”,故空处应填介词as。故填as。
60.考查定语从句。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。分析句子可知,空处考查引导限制性定语从句的关系词,指代先行词species,指物,在从句中作主语,且先行词前有all修饰,故只能用关系代词that。故填that。
【点睛】
61.by 62.the 63.addressed 64.largest 65.responsibility 66.shared 67.and 68.To strengthen 69.inviting 70.its
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日,中国商会博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
61.考查介词。句意:2019年11月27日,联合国正式将5月21日定为第一个国际茶日。根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在5月21日命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过去分词+by”。故填by。
62.考查冠词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一系列活动。分析句意可知,特指International Tea Day这一节日,所以用定冠词the表特指。故填the。
63.考查动词的时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。分析句意可知,本句是陈述过去事情,所以用一般过去时。故填addressed。
64.考查形容词最高级。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知,中国是最大产茶国,所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
65.考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。
66.考查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。因为动词share和名词future之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填shared。
67.考查连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来,促进国际合作和文化交流。分析句式结构可知,名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分,作动词promote的宾语。故填and。
68.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。
69.考查非谓语动词。句意:同上。分析句式结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语,表主动关系。故填inviting。
70.考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。分析句式结构可知,名词exhibition前应该用形容词性物主代词来修饰。故填its。
【点睛】
71.to journey 72.who 73.held 74.A 75.protection 76.meaningful 77.has walked 78.highest 79.from 80.planning
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个有视力障碍的北京男子曹盛康徒步旅行一带一路的事情。
71.考查非谓语动词。句意:近日,一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安,作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。step前面有序数词first,应用不定式,作后置定语。故填to journey。
72.考查定语从句。句意:在1100公里的旅程中,8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。此处是非限制性定语从句,先行词为the man,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
73.考查非谓语动词。句意:受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发,曹决定徒步穿越这条路线,以向古代丝绸之路致敬。动词hold意为“举行”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语“the Belt and Road Forum”之间构成被动关系,且动作已完成,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填held。
74.考查冠词。句意:他的一位朋友吴凡在旅行中自愿成为他的同伴。此处名词friend第一次出现,所以应用不定冠词表示泛指,且friend是以辅音音素开头的词,应用不定冠词a。故填A。
75.考查名词。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词。故填protection。
76.考查形容词。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”,作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
77.考查动词时态。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语Cao为第三人称单数,助动词用has。故填has walked。
78.考查形容词最高级。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家,2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处是指三者或三者以上的比较,应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
79.考查介词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar可知,此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”,应用介词from,固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
80.考查非谓语动词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。动词plan意为“计划”,和谓语之间没有连词,和主语构成主动关系,应用现在分词,作状语。故填planning。
【点睛】
81.falling 82.The 83.asleep 84.to see 85.accidentally 86.and 87.was fixing 88.threw 89.son's 90.how
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述的是正在修车的Henry拯救了挂在六楼公寓的阳台上,即将要掉下来的小孩Eric的故事。
81.考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了1.2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
82.考查冠词。句意:布朗一家住在多伦多郊外的一栋公寓楼里。根据句子结构,设空处要填写冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the+姓氏,意为“某某一家人”,the符合句意。同时该单词置于句首,首字母应该大写。故填The。
83.考查形容词。句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词,意为“睡觉”,其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配,意为“熟睡的”,asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
84.考查非谓语动词。句意:过了一会儿,艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音,醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上,爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词,设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意,他要爬到阳台去看他们(外面玩闹的孩子们。),故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
85.考查副词。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词,意为“意外的,失误的”,其副词为accidentally,意为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意。故填accidentally。
86.考查连词。句意:他坚持了几分钟,尖叫喊着他的父亲,但他的父亲没有听到他。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写连词,连接hung和screamed两个动作。根据句意,此处表示并列关系。故填and。
87.考查动词。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的when he heard the screams,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix为动词,意为“修理”,其过去进行时为was fixing。故填was fixing。
88.考查过去式。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构,设空处与空后的and started构成并列结构。故应该使用一般过去时。throw为动词,意为“扔”,过去时为threw。故填threw。
89.考查名词所有格。句意:他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。
90.考查特殊疑问词。句意:我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构,设空处填写的是特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意,how意为“如何”,符合句意。故填how。
91.be appreciated 92.to do 93.photographer 94.the 95.existing 96.sighted 97.at 98.noticed 99.independence 100.and
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。
91.考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意:但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢?主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系,且置于情态动词can 之后,所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。 故填be appreciated。
92.考查不定式。句意:通过触摸,这是画廊招牌告诉你不要做的一件事。tell sb not to do sth“告诉某人不要做某事”为固定短语。故填to do。
93.考查名词。句意:约翰·奥尔森是一位前摄影师,他和他的团队将绘画转化为全纹理3D模型。单数名词做主语,根据句意表示“摄影师”,此处为单数概念,故填photographer。
94.考查冠词。句意:触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式,因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看;我们用大脑看。the blind“盲人”,the+形容词表示一类人。故填the。
95.考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词existing作定语,修饰sense。故填existing。
96.考查形容词。句意:哈佛大学的科学家埃拉·斯特里姆-阿米特(Ella Striem-Amit)说,盲人用他们现有的感官识别形状,在某种程度上与正常人相似。形容词sighted作定语修饰名词people,表示“能看见的、不盲的”。故填sighted。
97.考查介词。句意:Luc Gandarias今年13岁,7岁时突然失明。表示在多大年龄时,用介词at。故填at。
98.考查时态。句意:当他触摸到莱昂纳多·达·芬奇的3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时,他立刻注意到了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知,本句为一般过去时。故填noticed。
99.考查名词。句意:对卢克来说,这意味着独立。不可数名词independence作mean的宾语。 故填independence。
100.考查连词。句意:能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意可知,前后为并列关系,所以用and来连接。故填and。
101.who/that 102.is viewed/has been viewed 103.are 104.changing 105.roughly 106.have promised 107.whether/if 108.the 109.invitation 110.to continue
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践,目的是为了减少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机。
101.考查定语从句。句意:亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词替代,故填that/who。
102.考查被动语态。句意:对科学家而言,旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系,故填is viewed或has been viewed。
103.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。根据句意可知,此处也应使用现在进行时,主语为复数,故填are。
104.考查时态。句意:但是现在Cobb和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分析句子结构可知,此处and连接并列的动词questioning和change,故填changing。
105.考查副词。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”,故填roughly。
106.考查时态。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以来,大约有200个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成时,故填have promised。
107.考查宾语从句。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进行。显然ask后面出现了一个宾语从句,宾语从句句意不完整,whether/if“是否”符合语境,故填whether或if。
108.考查冠词。句意:大约有四分之三的时间,他们同意了。此处特指Cobb询问的时间范围内,故填the。
109.考查名词。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语,故填invitation。
110.考查动词不定式。句意:他打算继续这个实践。动词plan后面跟动词不定式,plan to do sth“计划做”,故填to continue。
【点睛】
111.seventh 112.thinking 113.to educate 114.which/that 115.and 116.harmful 117.excited 118.was 119.representative 120.from
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋,减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
111.考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。
112.考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构, 2 (think)it is food.用作状语,think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填thinking。
113.考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构, 3 (educate) people about this problem.用作目的状语,用不定式,所以填to educate。
114.考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构, 4 used a lot of plastic是一个定语从句,修饰先行词a company,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,用which或that引导该从句,所以填which或that。
115.考查连词。句意:我找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系,用and连接两个并列的谓语动词,所以填and。
116.考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句,how之后接形容词,所以填harmful。
117.考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,修饰人,用v+ed形式的形容词,所以填excited。
118.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我给写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。 根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote” 可知这里描述发生在过去的事情,用一般过去时;one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数结构中,谓语动词用单数,所以填was。
119.考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。
120.考查介词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班从塑料杯换成纸杯。 from sth to sth从...到..., 所以填from。
121.has proved/has proven 122.for 123.marriage 124.smaller 125.was painted 126.herself 127.neither 128.to plant 129.The 130.sold
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国总统林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的老房子的变迁史。
121.考查动词时态。句意:它不像乔治·华盛顿在波托马克河畔的种植园那样给人留下深刻印象,但林肯在伊利诺伊州斯普林菲尔德市中心的家,自从向公众开放以来,就被证明对游客来说是不可抗拒的。根据时间状语“since it opened to the public”可知,此处指过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响,故设空处用现在完成时;主语Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield Illinois是第三人称单数,所以助动词用has,提示词prove 的过去分词形式是proved或proven。故填 has proved/ has proven。
122.考查介词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语buy sth. for +价格,意为“以……价格买某物”。故填for。
123.考查名词。句意:1844年,他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地,查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”,此处用名词作定语,故填marriage。
124.考查形容词比较级。句意:这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知,此处用形容词比较级形式,故填smaller。
125.考查被动语态。句意:这个小房子被粉刷成了白色。分析句子结构可知,设空处作谓语动词,The little home作主语。结合句意及常识可知,房子是“被粉刷”的,主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系,所以要用被动语态;根据上文的was built可知,此处为一般过去时态;一般过去时的被动语态结构是was/were+过去分词;主语The little home是单数第三人称,所以要用was,提示词paint的过去分词形式是painted。故填was painted。
126.考查代词。句意:她非常漂亮,她的房子是她自己的写照,一切都很有品位,井井有条。根据句意可知,此处意为“她自己”,可知此处考查反身代词,作宾语;提示词she的反身代词是herself。故填herself。
127.考查连词。句意:虽然玛丽喜欢花,但她和她的丈夫都不是有名的园丁。根据句意可知,此处考查连词结构“neither…nor…”,意为“既不……也不……”。故填neither。
128.考查动词不定式。句意:玛丽的妹妹弗朗西丝·托德·华莱士经常来前院种花。分析句子结构可知,设空处作状语;根据句意可知,此处是目的状语;目的状语用动词不定式表示,故填to plant。
129.考查冠词。句意:林肯夫妇在1856年把房子扩大到了整整两层,以满足他们日益增长的家庭的需要。根据句意可知,此处意为“林肯一家”;根据设空后的Lincolns可知,此处考查“the+姓氏复数”,表示夫妇俩,或者一家人。设空处位于句首,所以首字母要大写。故填The。
130.考查动词时态。句意:1861年林肯当选美国总统后,他们把房子租了出去,卖掉了大部分家具。分析句子成分可知,设空处和前面的动词rented一起做并列谓语;根据时间状语1861可知,此处用一般过去时态,提示词sell的过去式是sold。故填sold。
131.was built 132.in/during 133.to walk 134.spending 135.better 136.hired 137.but 138.the 139.watchtowers 140.daily
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者游览西安长城的过程。
131.考查动词语态。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。build和主语it之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,根据时间状语the Tang dynasty可知,应用一般过去时。故填was built。
132.考查介词。句意:它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的,现在已经完全修复了。表示“在某个朝代”,应用介词in或during。故填in或during。
133.考查非谓语动词。句意:骑行或者走完全程的14公里是可能的。固定句型It +be+adj+to do sth.,it为形式主语,不定式短语作真正主语。故填to walk。
134.考查非谓语动词。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。此处After为介词,应用动名词,作介词宾语。故填spending。
135.考查形容词比较级。句意:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后,我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文than可知,此处应用形容词good的比较级better。故填better。
136.考查动词时态。句意:我们从南门的租赁处租了自行车。根据语境可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。故填hired。
137.考查连词。句意:我的自行车又旧又摇摇晃晃,但还可以骑。后文did the job和前文My bike was old and shaky之间存在转折关系,应用转折连词but。故填but。
138.考查冠词。句意:我们绕着西安城墙一路走了大约3个小时。固定短语all the way“一直,完全地”。故填the。
139.考查名词复数。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。watchtower是可数名词,由different修饰,应用复数形式。故填watchtowers。
140.考查形容词。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines,应用形容词daily,作定语。故填daily。
141.educated 142.development 143.its 144.until 145.the 146.of 147.visiting 148.financial 149.Activities 150.to have
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了生态旅游通常被认为是到未受干扰地区的低影响旅游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。实际上,生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
141.考查形容词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知,此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
142.考查名词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development,表示“发展”,作动词benefits的宾语。故填development。
143.考查代词。句意:生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。结合语意,此处表示生态旅游有它的起源,空处应用形容词性物主代词its,表示“它的”,符合句意。故填its。
144.考查介词。句意:直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句意可知,此处表示“直到20世纪80年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”,应用短语not…until…,表示“直到……才……”,符合句意。故填until。
145.考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。结合语意,此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,空处应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
146.考查介词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配,表示“各种各样的”,所以空处应填介词of。故填of。
147.考查非谓语动词。句意:最大限度地减少参观这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of可知,空格处应填动名词形式作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。
148.考查形容词。句意:为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。空格修饰名词aid,应用形容词形式作定语,financial是形容词,表示“财政的”,符合句意。故填financial。
149.考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。分析句子结构,空处应用名词作句子主语,应用名词的复数形式表示泛指,置于句首,首字母大写。故填Activities。
150.考查非谓语动词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。aim to do为固定短语,表示“旨在,目的是”,符合句意,所以空处应用不定式形式。故填to have。
151.What 152.humans 153.undoubtedly 154.hotter 155.astonished 156.was 157.and 158.aching 159.mine 160.a
【分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海,温泉以及台阶。
151.考查主语从句。句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从句,从句缺乏主语,应用what引导,指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
152.考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类是多么的渺小。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式。故填humans。
153.考查副词。句意:它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!此处修饰动词help,应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
154.考查形容词比较级。句意:关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是,气温越低,温泉越暖和!此处是固定结构“the +比较级,the+比较级”,意为“越……,越……”。故填hotter。
155.考查形容词。句意:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”,补充说明宾语us的感受,应用-ed结尾形容词astonished,表示人的感受“感到震惊的”。故填astonished。
156.考查动词时态。句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头都安置好有多难。分析句子可知,“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place”作wonder的宾语,it是从句的形式主语,不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,“安置台阶的石头”是过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
157.考查连词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知,“highlights the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系,都是作it的谓语,应用并列连词and。故填and。
158.考查形容词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知,此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”,修饰名词legs,意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
159.考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's memory”可知,本句的does替代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine,指代my memory。故填mine。
160.考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must作名词时,意为“绝对必要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠词,must是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。故填a。
161.and 162.that/which 163.person’s 164.is considered 165.by 166.was 167.studied 168.sharply 169.living 170.lower
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标,主要是由于农村地区的体重指数(BMI)增加了,并分析了其中的原因。
161.考查连词。句意:在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中,科学家们发现,世界各地的人们体重越来越重,而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知,that people worldwide are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句,是并列关系,故填and。
162.考查定语从句。句意:BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具,它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词tool,且在从句中做主语,故填that/which。
163.考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person是修饰weight的,用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
164.考查动词被动语态。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方,BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(a BMI)是单数,时态是一般现在时,且主语和consider是表被动关系,故填is considered。
165.考查介词。句意:研究发现,1985年至2017年间,农村女性和男性的平均BMI增加了2.1。increase by表示“增加了”;increase to表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI数值(18.5-23.9)可知,increase by符合语境,故填by。
166.考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填was。
167.考查非谓语动词。句意:1985年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和女性的BMIs高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以study用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是countries,表被动关系,应该使用过去分词作定语。故填studied。
168.考查副词。句意:但30年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知,sharp是要修饰动词narrow,用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
169.考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,句子已有谓语动词may be,故live用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是people,表主动关系,做定语,用现在分词形式,故填living。
170.考查形容词比较级。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,including说明的是一些不利条件,且后面有higher和fewer,是并列关系,所以low也应该用比较级形式,故填lower。
171.to begin 172.educational 173.requirement 174.professions 175.that/which 176.a 177.and 178.is 179.are encouraged 180.our
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《数字世界》丛书的出版的背景和目的等方面信息。
171.考查非谓语动词。句意:如今,10到12岁的孩子发布自己的网站,二年级和三年级学生开始上计算机课,这些都很常见。本题考查“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”结构,该结构it作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式。故填to begin。
172.考查形容词。句意:与此同时,电脑游戏越来越受欢迎,主要出版社继续为学前儿童开发教育电脑程序。修饰名词computer programs,前用形容词形式。故填educational。
173.考查名词。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。动词become后接名词作宾语,根据前面的不定冠词a可知,用名词的单数形式。故填requirement。
174.考查名词的数。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。名词profession为可数名词,根据前面的most修饰可知用复数形式。故填professions。
175.考查定语从句。句意:《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
176.考查冠词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响。a range of 一套;一系列。wide是以辅音音素发音开头,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
177.考查连词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基本概念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响。前后句为并列关系,所以用连词and。故填and。
178.考查主谓一致。句意:因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的,所以我们关注最有趣和最有用的应用程序和工具的一个示例,并解释技术的基本原理。the number of ……的数目,后接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。故填is。
179.考查语态。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。主语Readers与encourage之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时。故填are encouraged。
180.考查代词。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提供指导。修饰名词Further Resources section,前用形容词性物主代词。故填our。
181.in 182.what 183.than 184.was needed 185.to change 186.had discovered 187.seasons 188.making 189.the 190.meant.
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。
181.考查介词。句意:公元前10000年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所居住的世界。分析可知,“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句,定语从句引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world. live in+名词,意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
182.考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
183.考查固定搭配。句意:农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知,此句中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比,应用比较连词than。more… than,意为“比……更”故填than。
184.考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主语和need之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处应用过去时的被动语态。food为不可数名词。故填was needed。
185.考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。
186.考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”,后面的句子用过去完成时。故填had discovered.
187.考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,提示词的词性为为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填seasons。
188.考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填making。
189.考查定冠词。句意:随着科学的崛起,事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
190.考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
191.was 192.to increase 193.numbers 194.by 195.compared 196.older 197.particularly 198.a 199.be placed 200.and
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了世界人口正面临老龄化问题,并分析了其产生的两个原因。
191.考查动词时态。句意:1950年美国人的中年年龄是30岁,今天是41岁,预计到2050年将增加到42岁。结合上文in 1950可知应用一般过去时,且主语为The median age of an American,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。
192.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定式,故填to increase。
193.考查名词的数。句意:对日本来说,这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁,今天是46岁,2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”,且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式,故填numbers。
194.考查介词。句意:人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由;被”应用介词by。故填by。
195.考查动词时态语态。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。短语be compared to“与……相比;与某事相提并论”,故填compared。
196.考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级,故填older。
197.考查副词。句意:在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词,故填particularly。
198.考查冠词。句意:今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100岁以上,因此需要做出相应的计划。chance为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且very为辅音音素开头的单词,故填a。
199.考查动词时态语态。句意:然而,更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系,且should后跟动词原形,故填be placed。
200.考查连词。句意:而且,平均而言,他们更健康,更长寿。结合上下文语境可知此处连接上下文两个并列短语应用连词and,故填and。