2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷（一）（全国甲卷）英语
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
（2023·全国·校联考三模）Money Smart Youth Ambassadors
About
Youth from across Michigan can become financial leaders by applying to be a 4-H Money Smart Youth Ambassador. This program sponsored by Michigan State University Extension 4-H Youth Development started in 2020 and provides an opportunity for young people to spread financial knowledge with their peers by means of media.
Money Smart Youth Ambassadors gain leadership and public speaking experience by serving as guest speakers during presentations and podcasts (播客), developing games, creating social media campaigns, writing articles and providing valuable input into future financial education programs. Check out their amazing work below!
How to Join
This program is open to all Michigan youth aging 12-19.
Applications are accepted until August 1 annually for the upcoming year. Interviews take place in August or September.
Ambassador Expectations
•Serve as a Michigan 4-H Money Smart Youth Ambassador member from September to June.
•Create and promote money education and programs locally.
•Be present at all virtual meetings as scheduled with at least 75% attendance at monthly meetings.
•Contact the group advisors if unable to participate in conference calls, meetings, events or trainings as they are scheduled.
Resources Created by Money Smart Youth Ambassadors
•Articles
Read about interesting money topics to help you become smart consumers and get a head start on growing your wealth. These articles were written by youth for youth.
•Minimalism and Money Saving by Alexis V.
•Multiplying your Money Early by Leah L.
•Games
Have fun learning what it takes to grow your money with these games created by our Money Smart Youth Ambassadors.
•Kahoot Game on Credit by Brooke R.
•Money Word Search by Harper Jane A．
For more information, contact a group advisor:
Kathy Jamieson, jamies13@ msu. edu
21．What is a must to apply for the program?
A．Having Michigan identity.
B．Reaching the age of 19.
C．Owning 4-H membership.
D．Having financial background.
22．What is a Money Smart Youth Ambassador’s duty?
A．Making generous donations.
B．Publishing financial articles.
C．Attending virtual meetings.
D．Promoting programs worldwide.
23．Why are the games included in the text?
A．To add fun to courses.
B．To provide financial knowledge.
C．To introduce financial background.
D．To collect fund for the program.
【答案】21．A 22．C 23．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了由密歇根州立大学推广的4-H青年发展协调项目招聘“精明理财青年大使”的通知。
【详解】1. 细节理解题。根据 About中“Youth from across Michigan can become financial leaders by applying to be a 4-H Money Smart Youth Ambassador.(密歇根各地的年轻人可以通过申请成为4-H精明理财青年大使来成为金融领袖。)”以及How to Join中“This program is open to all Michigan youth aging 12-19.(这个项目对所有12-19岁的密歇根青年开放。)”可知，这项活动是针对密歇根地区青少年的活动，必须拥有密歇根身份。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据Ambassador Expectations中“Be present at all virtual meetings as scheduled with at least 75% attendance at monthly meetings.(按计划出席所有虚拟会议，每月会议的出席率至少为75%。)”可知，精明理财青年大使需要参加虚拟会议。故选C。
3.推理判断题。根据Games中“Have fun learning what it takes to grow your money with these games created by our Money Smart Youth Ambassadors.(通过我们的精明理财青年大使创造的游戏，学习如何增长您的资金，让您玩得开心。)”可知，文中推荐游戏的目的是帮助申请项目的青少年在娱乐中需要了解什么才能积累钱，即提供金融知识。故选B。
B
（2023·广东广州·统考三模）In his new book The Journeys of Trees, science writer Zach St. George explores an extremely slow migration(迁 徙), as forests move inch by inch to more hospitable places. As old trees die and new ones grow up, the forest is—ever so slightly—moving, he writes. “Through the fossils(化石) that ancient forests left behind, scientists can track their movement. They move back and forth across continents, like migrating birds or whales.”
This has happened over thousands of years, and climate change tends to be the driving force—pushing and pulling forests around the globe. Of course, today, climate change is speeding up, and trees can’t keep pace. Take Califomnia: It’s getting hotter and drier and scientists estimate that before too long, Joshua Tree National Park may not be able to sustain Joshua trees. Zach St. George describes a similar threat to Sequoia National Park, during California’s long and severe drought a few years back.
Scientists worried that maybe Sequoia National Park would no longer be the place for giant sequoias. St. George thinks at some point we will lose these ancient trees and we will have to think about what we do with the places, and do we plant new ones somewhere else? This is known as “assisted migration”—humans planting trees in other places where they’re more likely to grow well. But this process carries risks—people can accidentally introduce insects and diseases to new places, where they may wipe out entire native populations. So, St. George writes, there’s a debate among conservationists and foresters today: Should humans help the trees escape?
“I think there are going to be instances where people are probably going to step in and help species move to places where they’ll be more suitable in the future,” St. George says. “And I met a lot of people in the process who have felt sorry about what has been lost and what will be lost—and are still continuing to try and do good and work in the moment for small things.”
24．What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Animals. B．Fossils. C．Scientists. D．Forests.
25．Why is Sequoia National Park mentioned?
A．To confirm the problem of the loss of tree species is serious.
B．To argue humans should be responsible for the loss of trees.
C．To explain climate change results in the migration of forests.
D．To prove forests can slow down the process of climate change.
26．What can be inferred about assisted migration?
A．It can prevent the trees escaping.
B．It can promote biological diversity.
C．It may help to protect the forests.
D．It may affect species in new places.
27．What is St. George’s attitude to assisted migration?
A．Supportive. B．Doubtful. C．Ambiguous. D．Intolerant.
【答案】24．D 25．C 26．D 27．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在科学作家扎克·圣乔治的新书《树的旅程》中，他描述到森林正在一寸一寸地向更适宜居住的地方迁移。文章分析了其原因和和科学家对此现象的担忧。
24．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“As old trees die and new ones grow up, the forest is—ever so slightly—moving, he writes. “Through the fossils(化石) that ancient forests left behind, scientists can track their movement.(他写道，随着老树的死亡和新树的成长，森林正在——哪怕只是轻微地——移动。“通过远古森林留下的化石，科学家可以追踪它们的移动。)”和划线单词所在句子“They move back and forth across continents, like migrating birds or whales(它们在大陆上来回移动，就像候鸟或鲸鱼)”可知，森林正在移动，科学家通过远古森林留下的化石可以追踪森林的移动，由此可知，“they(它们)”代指上文提到的森林，故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据第二段中“This has happened over thousands of years, and climate change tends to be the driving force—pushing and pulling forests around the globe...Zach St. George describes a similar threat to Sequoia National Park, during California’s long and severe drought a few years back.(这种情况已经发生了几千年，而气候变化往往是驱动力——推动和拉动全球各地的森林……扎克·圣乔治描述了几年前加利福尼亚长期严重干旱期间对美洲杉国家公园的类似威胁。)”可推知，文章提到美洲杉国家公园是为了解释气候变化导致森林迁移。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据第三段中“This is known as “assisted migration”—humans planting trees in other places where they’re more likely to grow well. But this process carries risks—people can accidentally introduce insects and diseases to new places, where they may wipe out entire native populations.(这就是所谓的“协助迁徙”——人类在其他地方种植树木，因为那里的树木更容易生长良好。但这个过程也有风险——人们可能会不小心将昆虫和疾病带到新的地方，在那里它们可能会消灭整个当地人口。)”可推知，协助迁移可能会影响到新地方的物种。故选D。
27．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“So, St. George writes, there’s a debate among conservationists and foresters today: Should humans help the trees escape?(因此，St. George写道，今天在自然资源保护者和林业工作者之间有一个争论: 人类应该帮助树木逃生吗？)”和最后一段中““I think there are going to be instances where people are probably going to step in and help species move to places where they’ll be more suitable in the future,” St. George says. “And I met a lot of people in the process who have felt sorry about what has been lost and what will be lost—and are still continuing to try and do good and work in the moment for small things.” (“我认为将会出现这样的情况：人们可能会介入，帮助物种迁移到未来更适合它们生存的地方，”圣乔治说。“在这个过程中，我遇到了很多人，他们对已经失去的和将要失去的树木感到遗憾，并且仍然在继续努力做好事，在当下为小事而努力。”)”可推知，St. George对协助迁移是支持的，故选A。
C
（2023·全国·一模）Deveza’s mother was on the waiting list for a kidney transplant (肾移植). Deveza wanted to donate one of her own kidneys, but she was turned down because she might develop the same health problems as her mother in later life.
Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver (肝) for someone else’s kidney. A case study of the organ exchange has now been published. And the surgeons who were involved are calling for more exchanges like this. “You can imagine the enormous impact for mixed organ extended chains,” says John Roberts, a surgeon at University of California, San Francisco.
Most organ transplants come from people who have died, but there are never enough organs. As most people can manage with just one of their kidneys, people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends. If someone wants to donate but their immune (免疫的) system is unsuited, doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative.
When Deveza was looking into such chains, she came across research describing the idea of trading a kidney with the only other organ generally taken from a living donor—the liver. She suggested the idea to many hospitals before she finally contacted Roberts, who saw the idea’s potential.
Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver. It then took 18 months to find Annie Simmons, in Idaho, whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for her sister with severe liver disease. They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.
The team hopes that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living donor liver transplants a year—a ten per cent increase.
28．What did Deveza do to save her mother?
A．Carrying out a case study.
B．Calling for kidney donations.
C．Launching a medical experiment.
D．Trading half her liver for a kidney.
29．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．Patients’ hopelessness to survive.
B．Several sources of organ donation.
C．Current situation of organ transplants.
D．Doctors’ efforts to improve organ transplants.
30．What can be inferred about the organ exchange between Deveza and Simmons?
A．It discouraged organ donation.
B．It brought two families together.
C．It met with widespread approval.
D．It produced a desirable outcome.
31．What is the best title for the text?
A．My Liver, Your Kidney
B．Mother’s Love, Our Happiness
C．Organ Transplant: Blessing for Patients
D．Organ Exchange: Major Medical Advances
【答案】28．D 29．C 30．D 31．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上第一次活体捐赠者之间不同器官的配对交换手术及手术的意义。
28．细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver (肝) for someone else’s kidney.(Deveza想出了一个不同的计划。2017年，她开始了世界上第一次活体捐赠者之间不同器官的配对交换，用一半的肝脏换别人的肾脏)”可知，为了救自己的母亲，Deveza打算用自己一半的肝脏换别的捐赠者的肾脏。由此可知，为了救她的母亲，Deveza决定用半个肝脏换一个肾脏。故选D项。
29．主旨大意题。通读第三段内容，结合关键句“Most organ transplants come from people who have died, but there are never enough organs.(大多数器官移植来自已经去世的人，但器官永远不够)”和“If someone wants to donate but their immune (免疫的) system is unsuited, doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative.(如果有人想捐献，但他们的免疫系统不适合，医生可能会找到两对潜在的捐赠者，他们可以各自给对方的亲属一个肾)”可知，第三段主要介绍了器官移植的现状，对需要接受器官移植的人来说，器官永远不够，医生为此想出了捐赠者之间的配对交换。由此可知，第三段主要介绍了器官移植的现状。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.(他们制定了一个计划：Simmons将把一个肾脏捐给Deveza的母亲，作为回报，Deveza将把她的一半肝脏捐给Simmons的妹妹。医院批准了手术，四次手术在同一天成功进行)”可知，Deveza和Simmons之间的器官交换得到了医院的批准，手术成功进行，Deveza的母亲和Simmons的妹妹都得救了。由此可知，Deveza和Simmons之间的器官交换产生了令人满意的结果。故选D项。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合倒数第二段关键句“They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.(他们制定了一个计划：Simmons将把一个肾脏捐给Deveza的母亲，作为回报，Deveza将把她的一半肝脏捐给Simmons的妹妹。医院批准了手术，四次手术在同一天成功进行)”可知，本文主要介绍了世界上第一次活体捐赠者之间不同器官的配对交换手术，Simmons把一个肾脏捐给Deveza的母亲，Deveza把她的一半肝脏捐给Simmons的妹妹，这让两个病人获救。由此可知，My Liver, Your Kidney(我的肝脏，你的肾脏)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A项。
D
（2023·全国·校联考二模）With new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, smart agriculture is expected to bring about essential changes to traditional agriculture in China.
Shi Yun, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said China would realize fully mechanized, automated, and digital agriculture through developing precision agricultural technologies.
Precision agriculture is an agricultural management system aimed at optimizing inputs to achieve the most economic and environmental benefits, using technologies in eluding remote sensing and satellite navigation. Precision agriculture is able to bring down labor costs, save water, fertilizers(肥料) and pesticides, and reduce unnecessary decision-making errors. So far, demonstration bases for smart agriculture have been built in 13 areas including Beijing, Heilongjiang province and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
Precision irrigation―for instance, drip irrigation(滴流灌溉)—can greatly decrease costs and increase the efficiency of water and fertilizer use. By increasing soil temperature, storing water, and controlling diseases, the technique has improved water and fertilizer use. Meanwhile, it has improved cotton quality and increased cotton production in Xinjiang.
“Other technologies for precision agriculture such as plant protection drones(无人机) and harvesting robots can also save resources and costs, increasing farmers’ incomes and reducing their economic losses caused by natural disasters,” Shi said. Drones can automatically generate routes by accessing high-definition farmland maps, fly and spray accurately, and provide standardized agricultural services.
However, the development of precision agriculture still faces challenges and falls behind developed countries. Some core equipment and techniques, such as parts of agricultural sensors, still rely on imports, and big shortages remain in smart agriculture technicians. Besides, more financial support is needed to comprehensively promote smart agriculture nationwide. Since artificial intelligence and robotics have been applied in China for a relatively short time, it is necessary to open up a modern path with Chinese characteristics based on local conditions.
32．What are the benefits of precision agriculture?
A．Improving the environment and saving fertilizers.
B．Bringing down labor costs and avoiding mistakes.
C．Increasing efficiency and removing some diseases.
D．Generating farmland maps and providing services.
33．What does the underlined word “optimizing” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Getting something done conveniently.
B．Holding a positive attitude to something.
C．Makings one thing as effective as possible.
D．Employing a traditional way to do something.
34．How can precision agriculture be developed properly?
A．Importing equipment from some developed countries.
B．Working out ways to suit local conditions in different areas.
C．Using artificial intelligence and robotics to develop modern cities.
D．Seeking financial support abroad to improve the production of crops.
35．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Smart agriculture has replaced traditional agriculture.
B．Artificial intelligence depends on plant pro lection drones.
C．Precision agriculture helps boost agricultural modernization.
D．Demonstration bases for smart agriculture have been built throughout China.
【答案】32．A 33．C 34．B 35．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是精准农业、精准农业的好处以及中国精准农业的发展现状。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Precision agriculture is an agricultural management system aimed at optimizing inputs to achieve the most economic and environmental benefits, using technologies in eluding remote sensing and satellite navigation. Precision agriculture is able to bring down labor costs, save water, fertilizers(肥料) and pesticides, and reduce unnecessary decision-making errors.(精准农业是一种农业管理系统，旨在利用遥感和卫星导航等技术优化投入，通过优化投入实现最大的经济和环境效益。精准农业能够降低劳动成本，节约水、化肥和农药，减少不必要的决策错误。)”可知，精准农业的好处是改善环境，节约肥料。故选A。
33．词句猜测题。根据“to achieve the most economic and environmental benefits, using technologies in eluding remote sensing and satellite navigation.(为了实现最大的经济和环境效益，利用遥感和卫星导航等技术。)”可知，划线词所在句子意思是：精准农业是一种农业管理系统，旨在利用遥感和卫星导航等技术优化投入，通过优化投入实现最大的经济和环境效益。由此可知，optimizing inputs意为“优化投入”，也就是让投入产生的效果最大化。optimizing意为“使一件事尽可能有效”。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Since artificial intelligence and robotics have been applied in China for a relatively short time, it is necessary to open up a modern path with Chinese characteristics based on local conditions.(由于人工智能和机器人技术在中国的应用时间较短，因此有必要因地制宜地开辟一条具有中国特色的现代道路。)”可知，精准农业在中国发展，要因地制宜地开辟一条具有中国特色地现代化道路。故选B。
35．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“With new technologies such as artificial intelligence and big data, smart agriculture is expected to bring about essential changes to traditional agriculture in China.( 随着人工智能和大数据等新技术的发展，智慧农业有望给中国的传统农业带来根本性的变化。)”和第三段“Precision agriculture is an agricultural management system aimed at optimizing inputs to achieve the most economic and environmental benefits, using technologies in eluding remote sensing and satellite navigation.( 精准农业是一种农业管理系统，旨在利用遥感和卫星导航等技术优化投入，通过优化投入实现最大的经济和环境效益。)”可知，精准农业是农业现代化的助力。故选C。
第二节 (其5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2023·全国·校联考二模）Heart disease is a growing problem. According to the International Journal of Molecular Science, heart disease is the number one leading cause of death in western countries and represents 30%of all deaths in the world.
36 , like genetics, age, the amount of movement you get on a daily basis, and your diet, with many researchers believing that diet is the most crucial way to prevent these diseases. But how exactly do food and your daily diet impact your heart health and risk of disease? 37
The American Heart Association (AHA) recently released its most up-to-date list of guidelines for maintaining a healthy heart. The guidelines clearly state that in order to help reduce your risk of heart disease, it is important to limit your consumption of heavily salted foods, foods and drinks with added sugar, ultra-processed foods, and alcohol. 38 and has found that a “poor-quality” diet, which is one that consists of the foods mentioned above and is also low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, can significantly increase your chances of cardiovascular(心血管) disease.
At the same time, the AHA’s guidelines also include helpful tips for eating patterns that have a positive effect on your heart as well. They suggest eating a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and choosing healthy, lean sources of protein. 39 .
At the end of the day, the research seems to agree that lowering your risk for heart disease is a combined effort. 40 but instead can be significantly reduced with a balanced diet that follows many of the suggested guidelines.
A．Here are some beneficial eating habits for your heart
B．Your risk of heart disease has many contributing factors
C．It can’t be solved with just one specific food or nutrient
D．This goal can only be achieved by healthy and regular eating
E．These pattern can significantly help decrease your risk for heart disease
F．The Journal of the American College of Cardiology states similar guidelines
G．Read on to learn what the research says about eating habits contributing to heart disease
【答案】36．B 37．G 38．F 39．E 40．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了饮食对心脏病的影响。
36．根据下文“like genetics, age, the amount of movement you get on a daily basis, and your diet, with many researchers believing that diet is the most crucial way to prevent these diseases.(比如遗传、年龄、你每天的运动量和你的饮食，许多研究人员认为饮食是预防这些疾病的最重要的方法。)”可知，基因、年龄、运动量、饮食都是影响心脏病的因素，B项中的“factors”与下文的“genetics, age, the amount of movement you get on a daily basis, and your diet”对应。B项：Your risk of heart disease has many contributing factors.(你患心脏病的风险有很多因素。)符合语境。故选B。
37．根据上文“But how exactly do food and your daily diet impact your heart health and risk of disease?(但是食物和日常饮食到底是如何影响心脏健康和患病风险的呢？)”可知，下文具体阐述食物和日常饮食是如何影响心脏健康和患病风险的，空处承上启下，回答了上文提出的问题，并引出下文内容。G项：Read on to learn what the research says about eating habits contributing to heart disease.(继续往下读，了解研究表明饮食习惯会导致心脏病。)符合语境。故选G。
38．根据下文“and has found that a “poor-quality” diet, which is one that consists of the foods mentioned above and is also low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, can significantly increase your chances of cardiovascular(心血管) disease.( 已发现“低质量”饮食，即由上述食物组成的饮食，水果、蔬菜和全谷物的含量也很低，会显著增加患心血管疾病的几率。)”可知，空处提到了得出这一发现结果的主体，F项：The Journal of the American College of Cardiology states similar guidelines.(《美国心脏病学会杂志》(Journal of American College of Cardiology)也提出了类似的指南。)符合语境。故选F。
39．根据上文“At the same time, the AHA’s guidelines also include helpful tips for eating patterns that have a positive effect on your heart as well. They suggest eating a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and choosing healthy, lean sources of protein.(与此同时，美国心脏协会的指南还包括对心脏有积极影响的饮食模式的有用建议。他们建议吃各种各样的水果、蔬菜和全谷物，选择健康、精益的蛋白质来源。)”可知，E项：These pattern can significantly help decrease your risk for heart disease.(这些模式能显著降低患心脏病的风险。)中的“these pattern”指代上文中提到的“eating a variety of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, and choosing healthy, lean sources of protein.”，说明了这些饮食模式带来的好处，符合语境。故选E。
40．根据上文“At the end of the day, the research seems to agree that lowering your risk for heart disease is a combined effort.(最后，这项研究似乎一致认为，降低患心脏病的风险是需要综合努力的。)和下文“but instead can be significantly reduced with a balanced diet that follows many of the suggested guidelines.(而是可以通过遵循许多建议指南的均衡饮食来显着减少。)”可知，空处和下文形成转折关系，空处是对上文的进一步解释说明，C项：It can’t be solved with just one specific food or nutrient.(它不能仅仅通过一种特定的食物或营养来解决。)符合语境。it指代上文的“lowering your risk for heart disease”。故选C。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2023·全国·校联考三模）Hurricane Ian hit Florida in October and brought with it flooding, winds, and a record high storm. Many residents like Karen Lauder 41 to leave their homes because they 42 the intensity of the storm. Karen is 84 and relies on a wheelchair to 43 because of a missing leg. Her son, Johnny Lauder, tried repeatedly to get her to 44 , but in vain.
Johnny had to stay but he and his family lived in another district. They kept in 45 touch with Karen. When Karen 46 that the water in her house had reached her waist, he knew he had to take 47 .
Johnny jumped out of a window and began to 48 to his mother’s. As he made his 49 through the water, Johnny stopped occasionally to snap selfies(自拍) to show his 50 family that he was okay.
Johnny was racing against 51 . He only had a short period of time to get there before the water rose above Karen’s 52 . It took him 40 minutes to swim four blocks. Karen’s yell sounded like 53 to his ears! She was still alive! But Johnny saw Karen 54 like a leaf, so he found some clean sheets and wrapped her up on a table to get 55 .
Everyone in Johnny’s family is now 56 . They’ve all lost everything they 57 , including their houses, but they’re 58 just to be here.
“I didn’t lose hope. So we’re still here. 59 is like a computer. There’re two buttons: There’s a reset and a power — and 60 it was just a reset button that got hit and not the power,” he said.
41．A．decided B．attempted C．expected D．refused
42．A．assessed B．understood C．underestimated D．analyzed
43．A．get around B．get through C．stand up D．go on
44．A．agree B．leave C．apply D．participate
45．A．impossible B．temporary C．constant D．limited
46．A．heard B．concluded C．evaluated D．reported
47．A．action B．effect C．place D．care
48．A．ride B．run C．drive D．swim
49．A．difference B．way C．presentation D．decision
50．A．embarrassed B．guilty C．worried D．disappointed
51．A．time B．weather C．pressure D．disease
52．A．waist B．head C．knees D．wrists
53．A．signal B．reminder C．order D．music
54．A．shaking B．whispering C．standing D．dancing
55．A．focused B．clean C．warm D．accessible
56．A．competent B．efficient C．responsible D．safe
57．A．owned B．stored C．discovered D．remembered
58．A．fascinated B．grateful C．willing D．determined
59．A．Disaster B．Difficulty C．Life D．Misfortune
60．A．eventually B．fortunately C．similarly D．unexpectedly
【答案】
41．D 42．C 43．A 44．B 45．C 46．D 47．A 48．D 49．B 50．C 51．A 52．B 53．D 54．A 55．C 56．D 57．A 58．B 59．C 60．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述在飓风伊恩袭击佛罗里达州是时候，凯伦·劳德拒绝离开家园，后来在洪水严重的时候，他的儿子约翰尼·劳德回家去救她的故事。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多像凯伦·劳德这样的居民拒绝离开家园，因为他们低估了风暴的强度。A. decided决定；B. attempted试图；C. expected期待；D. refused拒绝。根据下文“Johnny had to stay but he and his family lived in another district.”可知，凯伦·劳德这样的居民拒绝离开家园。故选D。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意见第1题详解。A. assessed评估；B. understood理解；C. underestimated低估；D. analyzed分析。根据上文“Many residents like Karen Lauder 1 to leave their homes”可知，一些人拒绝离开家园，应该是他们低估了风暴的强度。故选C。
43．考查动词短语辨析。句意：凯伦今年84岁，由于缺了一条腿，她只能靠轮椅四处走动。A. get around四处走动；B. get through通过；C. stand up站起来；D. go on继续。根据“relies on a wheelchair to”和“because of a missing leg”可知，凯伦缺了一条腿，所以她只能靠轮椅四处走动。故选A。
44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的儿子约翰尼·劳德多次试图让她离开，但都无济于事。A. agree同意；B. leave离开；C. apply申请；D. participate参加。根据下文“Johnny had to stay”推知，儿子约翰尼·劳德应该是多次试图让她离开，但因为母亲执意留下。故选B。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们一直与凯伦保持联系。A. impossible不可能的；B. temporary暂时的；C. constant不断的；D. limited有限的。结合常识和飓风来临的背景可知，家人应是与凯伦时刻保持联系。故选C。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当凯伦报告说她家里的水已经到了她的腰部时，他知道他必须采取行动。A. heard听到；B. concluded总结；C. evaluated评价；D. reported报道，说。根据下文“that the water in her house had reached her waist”可知，这是凯伦跟说的她自己的情况。故选D。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意见第7题详解。A. action行动；B. effect影响；C. place地方；D. care照顾。根据下文“Johnny jumped out of a window and began to 8 to his mother’s.”可知，当妈妈说水已经到了她的腰部时，儿子约翰尼应该是立即采取行动去救妈妈。故选A。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：约翰尼从窗户跳了出来，开始往他妈妈家游。A. ride骑行；B. run跑；C. drive开车；D. swim游泳。根据上文“the water in her house had reached her waist”可知，水很深，所以约翰尼只能游泳过去。故选D。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当约翰尼穿过水面时，他偶尔会停下来自拍，向忧心忡忡的家人表示他没事。A. difference不同；B. way路；C. presentation出现；D. decision决定。根据下文“through the water”可知，约翰尼要穿过水面才能通过，make one’s way 是固定短语，意为“前进”。故选B。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意见第9题详解。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. guilty有罪的；C. worried担心的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“he made his 9 through the water,”可知，约翰尼要穿过水面去救妈妈，所以他的家人应该是会担心他。故选C。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：约翰尼正在与时间赛跑。A. time时间；B. weather天气；C. pressure压力；D. disease疾病。根据下文“He only had a short period of time to get there”可知，约翰尼要与时间赛跑才能救妈妈。故选A。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在水涨到凯伦的头顶之前，他只有很短的时间到那里。A. waist腰部；B. head头；C. knees膝盖；D. wrists手腕。根据上文“Karen 6 that the water in her house had reached her waist”可知，凯伦告诉约翰尼的时候，水已经到她的腰部了，所以，约翰尼必须快点去，以免水到凯伦的头部淹没她。故选B。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：凯伦的叫喊声听起来像音乐！A. signal信号；B. reminder提醒物；C. order命令；D. music音乐。根据上文“He only had a short period of time to get there before the water rose above Karen’s 12 .”和下文“She was still alive!”可知，凯伦的处境已经很危险了，所以约翰尼得知她还活着的时候，应该是很高兴的，所以凯伦的叫喊声听起来像音乐一样悦耳。故选D。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但约翰尼看到凯伦像树叶一样颤抖，于是他找了一些干净的床单，把她裹着坐在桌子上取暖。A. shaking晃动；B. whispering小声说；C. standing站立；D. dancing跳舞。根据下文“like a leaf”可知，84岁的凯伦在洪水中像树叶一样晃动，颤抖着。故选A。
55．考查形容词词义辨析。句意见第14题详解。A. focused集中的；B. clean干净的；C. warm温暖的；D. accessible可到达的。根据上文“he found some clean sheets and wrapped her up on a table”可知，约翰尼找了一些干净的床单，应该是为了让凯伦暖和起来。故选C。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：约翰尼家的每个人现在都安全了。A. competent合格的；B. efficient高效的；C. responsible负责的；D. safe安全的。根据上文“Many residents like Karen Lauder 1 to leave their homes”可知，在飓风出现时，其他家人都已经逃走了，现在凯伦也被救出来了，所以约翰尼家的每个人现在都安全了。故选D。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们都失去了他们一切，包括他们的房子，但他们很感激能活着。A. owned拥有；B. stored存储；C. discovered发现；D. remembered记得。根据上文“They’ve all lost everything”可知，这里指飓风让他们失去了曾经拥有的一切。故选A。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意见第17题详解。A. fascinated着迷的；B. grateful感激的；C. willing愿意的；D. determined有决心的。根据上文“Everyone in Johnny’s family is now 16 .”可知，飓风环境下，家里的所有人都还安全，所以应该是心生感激之情。故选B。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生活就像一台电脑。A. Disaster灾难；B. Difficulty困难；C. Life生命；D. Misfortune不幸。根据上文“I didn’t lose hope. So we’re still here.”可知，约翰尼是在灾难后对生命的感悟。故选C。
60．考查副词词义辨析。句意：有两个按钮：一个是重置按钮，另一个是电源按钮——幸运的是，只是一个重置按钮被击中了，而不是电源。A. eventually最后；B. fortunately幸运地；C. similarly相似地；D. unexpectedly出乎意料地。根据下文“it was just a reset button that got hit and not the power”可知，约翰尼认为一家人能在飓风后还都很安全，是很幸运的事情。故选B。
第二节 ( 共10小题:每小题1.5分, 满分15分 )
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.
（2023·全国·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
ChatGPT is high-tech progress, not a revolution
ChatGPT is a powerful chatbot 61 (develop)by OpenAI and launched in November 2022. Built on top of OpenAI’s GPT-3 family of large language models, it engages in human-like dialogue egged by prompting. It 62 (design) to respond in a natural, intuitive way and has numerous potential uses.
From a 63 (science)point of view, there is a need to closely watch the development of such technologies before reaching a conclusion about their efficacy and helpful nature. Technology progresses step by step. So we should not panic thinking ChatGPT will take up jobs 64 till now need humans to fulfill.
ChatGPT is an example of high-tech progress, not a revolution.
First, ChatGTP 65 (make) quite some progress in natural language processing, yet it still has a long way to go to 66 (complete) understand the human mind and language faculty, because when it comes to professional writing, ChatGPT at times writes plausible-sounding but 67 (correct) or nonsensical answers. It might give some good answers to most of the general questions, 68 it is no substitute for professional advice, such as medical prognosis and prescriptions, or legal advice.
Second, ChatGPT is still a product 69 very limited application. It has the potential to be used for enhancing search engine functionality but, as a pre-trained language model, it will have limited use.
Due to these limitations, investors should not blindly invest huge amounts to further develop ChatGPT and should not expect quick returns on investment. Yet as a 70 (promise) AI development, ChatGPT is likely to advance in the medium, if not the short term.
【答案】
61．developed 62．is designed 63．scientific 64．that/which 65．has made 66．completely 67．incorrect 68．but/yet 69．with 70．promising
【导语】这是一篇说明文。ChatGPT是由OpenAI开发的功能强大的聊天机器人，于2022年11月推出。文章对这款聊天机器人进行了介绍。
61．考查过去分词。句意：ChatGPT是由OpenAI开发的功能强大的聊天机器人，于2022年11月推出。动词develop意为“开发”，和系动词之间没有连词，根据“by OpenAI”可知，和逻辑主语chatbot构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填developed。
62．考查一般现在时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：它被设计成以一种自然、直观的方式做出反应，并且有许多潜在的用途。根据“Built on top of OpenAI’s GPT-3 family of large language models, it engages in human-like dialogue egged by prompting.”可知，此处应用一般现在时。动词design意为“设计”，和主语构成被动关系。主语it为第三人称单数。故填is designed。
63．考查形容词。句意：从科学的角度来看，有必要密切关注这些技术的发展，然后才能对它们的功效和有益性质作出结论。修饰名词应用形容词scientific表示“科学的”作定语。故填scientific。
64．考查定语从句。句意：因此，我们不应该恐慌地认为聊天机器人将会占据到目前为止需要人类来完成的工作。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为jobs，所以应用关系代词which或that。故填that/which。
65．考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意：首先，ChatGTP在自然语言处理方面取得了相当大的进步，但要完全理解人类的思维和语言能力，它还有很长的路要走，因为当涉及到专业写作时，ChatGPT有时会写出听起来似乎合理但不正确或荒谬的答案。此处表示动作发生在过去，但对现在产生结果或影响，所以应用现在完成时。主语ChatGTP为第三人称单数。故填has made。
66．考查副词。句意：首先，ChatGTP在自然语言处理方面取得了相当大的进步，但要完全理解人类的思维和语言能力，它还有很长的路要走，因为当涉及到专业写作时，ChatGPT有时会写出听起来似乎合理但不正确或荒谬的答案。修饰动词understand应用副词completely表示“完全地”作状语。故填completely。
67．考查形容词的反义词。句意：首先，ChatGTP在自然语言处理方面取得了相当大的进步，但要完全理解人类的思维和语言能力，它还有很长的路要走，因为当涉及到专业写作时，ChatGPT有时会写出听起来似乎合理但不正确或荒谬的答案。根据“or nonsensical”可知，此处是指不正确或荒谬的答案，所以应用形容词incorrect表示“不正确的”作定语。故填incorrect。
68．考查连词。句意：它可能会对大多数一般性问题给出一些很好的答案，但它不能代替专业建议，如医疗预后和处方，或法律建议。根据前文“It might give some good answers to most of the general questions”和后文“it is no substitute for professional advice, such as medical prognosis and prescriptions, or legal advice”可知，前后构成转折关系，且空格后没有逗号，所以应用连词but或yet表示“但是”。故填but/yet。
69．考查介词。句意：其次，ChatGPT仍然是一个应用非常有限的产品。根据“very limited application”可知，此处是指有着非常有限的应用，所以应用介词with表示“具有”。故填with。
70．考查形容词。句意：然而，作为一项有前途的人工智能发展，ChatGPT即使不是在短期内，也可能在中期取得进展。根据“ChatGPT is likely to advance in the medium, if not the short term”可知，此处是指一项有前途的人工智能发展，所以应用形容词promising表示“有前途的”作定语。故填promising。
第四部分 写作 (共两节,满分35分)
第一节 短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
71．假定英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Last month, I stayed at home because of I broke my left leg when play football with my friends. In order not to fall behind with my schoolwork, I take classes online. At first, I felt a bit anxiously so that I couldn’t follow my teachers. Fortunately, all my teachers gave lessons wonderfully or asked me to participate online activities. Whenever I met with difficulties, they’d offer my generous and expert help, what made me deeply touched. To my great joyful, I benefited greatly from the online classes and made a lot of progresses. I appreciate everything they’ve done for me.
【答案】1. 删除of
2. play→playing
3. take→took
4. anxious→anxiously
5. or→and
6. participate后加in
7. my→me
8. what→which
9. joyful→joy
10. progresses→progress
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因腿伤在家上网课，并在网课期间得到老师帮助，取得巨大进步的经历。
【详解】1.考查连词。句意：上个月，我呆在家里，因为我和朋友踢足球时摔断了左腿。because为从属连词，引导原因状语从句；because of为复合介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。“I broke my left leg when play football with my friends”是一个完整的句子，应用because。故删除of。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处应用play的非谓语动词形式和when构成时间状语，逻辑主语I和play之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故play改为playing。
3. 考查时态。句意：为了不落下功课，我在网上上课。此处陈述上个月发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故take改为took。
4. 考查形容词。句意：起初，我感到有点焦虑，我跟不上老师的节奏。作系动词feel的表语，应用形容词anxious。故anxiously改为anxious。
5. 考查连词。句意：幸运的是，我所有的老师都精彩地授课并且邀请我参加在线活动。此处gave和asked是两个并列的动作，为顺承关系，而非选择关系，应用and连接。故把or改为and。
6. 考查介词。句意同上。结合句意表示“参加……”用participate in。故在participate后加in。
7. 考查代词。句意：每当我遇到困难时，他们都会慷慨地为我提供专业的帮助，这让我深受感动。此处作动词offer的间接宾语，应用代词宾格。故把my改为me。
8. 考查定语从句。句意同上。本句第二个逗号后是非限制性定语从句，关系词指代前面整个句子在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故把what改为which。
9. 考查名词。句意：令我非常高兴的是，我从网课中受益匪浅，取得了很大的进步。此处作介词to的宾语，应用名词。故把joyful改为joy。
10. 考查名词的数。句意同上。progress“进步”是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故progresses改为progress。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
72．（2023·陕西·西北工业大学附属中学校考模拟预测）某英文网站正在开展“The Decisive Factors in Success”讨论。有些人认为成功需要运气；有些人认为成功需要毅力……请你围绕该话题发一个帖子，要点如下：1. 你的观点；2. 举例说明。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右;2. 请按如下格式作答。
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【答案】When it comes to the qualities which determine success, some people assume that success requires fortune, willpower and so on. However, I insist patience is the most important.
As far as I can remember, I took up running to lose weight when I was young. But after a month, I started to get impatient. Thankfully, my father pushed me to be more patient. I accepted his advice, got back on track and carried it through. Gradually, I became fitter.
Looking back, I would have ended up nowhere if I had lost patience and given up halfway. It’s patience that makes a great difference in the end.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以““The Decisive Factors in Success””为话题发一个帖子，阐明自己的观点并举例说明。
【详解】1.词汇积累
认为：assume →think/believe
幸亏：thankfully →fortunately
迫使：push →force
建议：advice →suggestion
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：But after a month, I started to get impatient.
拓展句：But after a month, I started to get impatient so that I wanted to quit it.
【点睛】【高分句型1】When it comes to the qualities which determine success, some people assume that success requires fortune, willpower and so on.（运用了which引导的定语从句以及that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】It’s patience that makes a great difference in the end.（运用了强调句型）
