全国乙卷04（含听力）-2024年高考英语一轮复习测试卷英语
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
（2023·贵州·校联考模拟预测）Beautiful Banff Rail & Drive
Discover the Canadian Rockies by rail and car. Enjoy two days aboard the scenic Rocky Mountaineer, combined with the freedom to discover spectacular Banff National Park at your leisure by rental car.
About the Tour
Your tour kicks off in Vancouver, where you can explore the scenic city on your own and visit the Vancouver Lookout for panoramic (全景的) views. After a relaxing evening, you’ll start your second day with travel aboard the Rocky Mountaineer, from Vancouver to Kamloops, the heart of British Columbia. Get your cameras ready for dramatic scenery, from the rushing waters of Hell’s Gate to mountain peaks. Continue east to Alberta, across ranchlands, lakeshores, mountain passes and tunnels, arriving in the picturesque resort town of Banff. Spend the next day enjoying Banff on your own, then drive to Lake Louise and Yoho National Park. Travel through Kananaskis Country and the wide-open ranches of Alberta before arriving in Calgary, where you’ll spend an evening touring the city before your trip comes to an end.
Highlights
2 days of scenic rail travel onboard Rocky Mountaineer
Hotel accommodations for 5 nights, 4 meals
3-day full-size car rental with GPS and unlimited mileage
Vancouver Lookout
Calgary Tower
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
It is your responsibility to check and fulfill the passport, visa, health and immigration requirements applicable to your itinerary (行程). We do not accept any responsibility if you cannot travel, or receive any other loss because you have not complied with (遵从) any passport, visa, immigration requirements or health formalities (手续). You are to pay back to us in relation to any fines or other losses which we get as a result of your failure to comply with any passport, visa, immigration requirements or health formalities.
21．Where does the tour begin?
A．Vancouver. B．Kamloops. C．Hell’s Gate. D．Lake Louise.
22．How long does the tour last?
A．Two days. B．Three days. C．Four days. D．Five days.
23．What if you get the travel agency fined because of your failure?
A．Make an apology to the travel agency. B．Stay in the hotel for five more days.
C．Pay back the fine to the travel agency. D．Hand out his or her passport and visa.
【答案】21．A 22．D 23．C
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了乘坐火车和汽车探索加拿大落基山脉之旅。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“Your tour kicks off in Vancouver, where you can explore the scenic city on your own and visit the Vancouver Lookout for panoramic views. (您的旅程从温哥华开始，在那里您可以自己探索风景优美的城市，并参观温哥华观景台欣赏全景)”可知，旅游从温哥华开始。故选A项。
22．细节理解题。根据Highlights中的信息可知，“2 days of scenic rail travel onboard Rocky Mountaineer (2天的落基山登山火车之旅)”以及“3-day full-size car rental with GPS and unlimited mileage (3天的全尺寸汽车租赁，有GPS和无限里程)”可知，旅行持续2+3=5天。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“You are to pay back to us in relation to any fines or other losses which we get as a result of your failure to comply with any passport, visa, immigration requirements or health formalities. (如因贵方未遵守任何护照、签证、移民要求或健康手续而造成我方的任何罚款或其他损失，贵方应向我方赔偿)”可知，如果因为游客的原因造成罚款，所有的罚款均由相关的游客负责。故选C项。
B
（2023·广西·校联考模拟预测）Overhead the sky was bright with stars. “Watch!” Incredibly, as his father spoke, one of the stars moved. In a streak of golden fire it flashed across the astonished heavens. And before the wonder of this could fade, another star leaped from its place, then another, moving quickly towards the sea.
“What is it?” the child whispered. “Shooting stars. They come every year on a certain night in August. I thought you would like to see the show.”
That was all: just an unexpected glimpse of something mysterious and beautiful. But, back in bed, the child stared for a long time into the dark, fascinated by the knowledge all around the quiet house. The night was full of the silent music of the falling stars.
Decades have passed, but I remember that night still, because I was the fortunate seven-year-old boy whose father believed that a new experience was more important for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep.
No doubt I had some usual childhood playthings, but these are forgotten now. What I remember is the night the stars fell. And the day we rode in a guard’s van, the time we tried to touch the crocodile, the telegraph we made that really worked. I remember the ‘trophy table’ in the hall where we children were encouraged to exhibit things we had found — snake skins, seashells, flowers, arrowheads, anything unusual or beautiful.
I remember the books left by my bed that pushed back my horizons and sometimes actually changed my life. Once my father gave me Zuleika Dobson, Max Beerbohm’s classic story of undergraduate life at Oxford. I liked it, and told him so.
“Why don’t you think about going there yourself?” he said casually. A few years later with luck and a scholarship, I did.
My father had, to a marvellous degree, the gift of opening doors for his children, of leading them into areas of splendid newness. This subtle art of adding dimensions to a child’s world doesn’t necessarily require a great deal of time. It simply involves doing things more often with our children instead of for them or to them.
24．What can we learn about the author after he first saw the shooting stars?
A．He changed his attitude towards stars. B．He learnt a lot from his father.
C．He was deeply impressed. D．He wanted to watch the stars again.
25．Why can the author still remember that night when he grows up?
A．He was exposed to something new.
B．He had an unbroken night’s sleep.
C．He spent a whole night listening to music.
D．He watched the shooting stars for a whole night.
26．What made the author want to go to Oxford?
A．His father’s encouragement. B．Max’s invitation.
C．His academic improvement. D．His friend’s story.
27．What do the underlined words “opening doors for his children” probably mean?
A．Doing things more frequently for his children.
B．Taking his children out of their comfort zone.
C．Providing chances for his children to be connected with nature.
D．Stimulating his children’s interest in exploring an unknown world.
【答案】24．C 25．A 26．A 27．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。“我”曾经因为父亲带“我”看美丽的流星而久久不能忘怀，“我”的父亲有一种非凡的天赋，能够为他的孩子们打开一扇门，带领他们进入辉煌的新领域，“我”也在父亲的鼓励下成功进入了牛津大学。
24．推理判断题。根据第三段“That was all: just an unexpected glimpse of something mysterious and beautiful. But, back in bed, the child stared for a long time into the dark, fascinated by the knowledge all around the quiet house. The night was full of the silent music of the falling stars.(这就是一切：只是意外地瞥见了某种神秘而美丽的东西。但是，回到床上，孩子盯着黑暗看了很长时间，被安静的房子周围的知识迷住了。夜晚充满了流星无声的音乐。)”可知，在作者第一次看到流星后，他被深深打动了。故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段“Decades have passed, but I remember that night still, because I was the fortunate seven-year-old boy whose father believed that a new experience was more important for a small boy than an unbroken night’s sleep.(几十年过去了，但我仍然记得那个晚上，因为我是一个幸运的7岁男孩，我的父亲相信，对一个小男孩来说，新的经历比一夜不间断的睡眠更重要。)”可知，作者长大后还能记得那个夜晚是因为他接触到了新事物。故选A。
26．细节理解题。根据第七段““Why don’t you think about going there yourself?” he said casually. A few years later with luck and a scholarship, I did.(“你为什么不考虑自己去那儿呢？”他漫不经心地说。几年后，凭借运气和奖学金，我做到了。)”可知，是父亲的鼓励让作者想去牛津。故选A。
27．词句猜测题。根据最后一段第一句中的“of leading them into areas of splendid newness(带领他们进入辉煌的新领域)”可知，opening doors for his children意为“激发孩子们探索未知世界的兴趣”。故选D。
C
（2023·全国·校联考一模）On September 26, 2022, NASA successfully completed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission by intentionally crashing an unmanned spacecraft into the asteroid(小行星) Dimorphos. The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit. With the successful mission, NASA proved the concept that this technique could keep a potentially dangerous asteroid from crashing into Earth in the future.
Dimorphos is a small asteroid orbiting the larger asteroid Didymos. NASA noted that Dimorphos is not a threat to Earth, but because it passes relatively close to Earth, it was chosen as the target for the test mission. Although the intended crash should change the asteroid’s position slightly, it will add to a major shift over time. “If you were going to do this for planetary defense, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique to work,” said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. “This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there’s an actual need.”
Asteroids can pose a significant threat to planet Earth. For example, around 66 million years ago, an asteroid around 6 to 9 miles across struck the Earth in what is now the Yucatan Peninsula. The resulting impact was so catastrophic that it caused one of the largest extinction events in Earth’s history. Therefore, DART’s success is an important step forward in protecting the planet from potential damage from an asteroid. This shows humans are no longer powerless to prevent this type of natural disaster.
The DART spacecraft was launched by NASA on November 24, 2021. It was accompanied by another craft called LICIACube, supplied by the Italian Space Agency, and separated from DART just 15 days before the crash. LICIACube remained in orbit around the asteroid and took photographs of the crash and material ejected (弹出) from the asteroid’s surface.
28．What is the purpose of the DART mission?
A．To change the orbit of Dimorphos.
B．To destroy Dimorphos completely.
C．To track potentially dangerous asteroids.
D．To stop Dimorphos from hitting the Earth.
29．Which of the following saying can describe the test according to Andrea Riley?
A．Bark up the wrong tree. B．Rob Peter to pay Paul.
C．Better late than never. D．Prepare for a rainy day.
30．What is LICIACube intended for?
A．Collecting rock samples from Dimorphos’s surface.
B．Keeping track of the crash test with some photos.
C．Providing additional energy for the DART spacecraft.
D．Increasing the force of crashing the DART spacecraft into Dimorphos.
31．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A．To advocate a new space technique.
B．To introduce an preventative space mission.
C．To prove human determination to fight against asteroid disasters.
D．To explain the difficulty of protecting the Earth from asteroid strikes.
【答案】28．A 29．D 30．B 31．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述美国国家航天局完成了让太空飞船撞击小行星的测试，成功使小行星偏转，这是世界上首次进行行星防御试验。
28．细节理解题。根据第一段中“On September 26, 2022, NASA successfully completed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission by intentionally crashing an unmanned spacecraft into the asteroid(小行星) Dimorphos.The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit.(2022年9月26日，美国国家航空航天局故意将一艘无人航天器撞向小行星Dimorphos，成功完成了双小行星重定向测试（DART）任务。目标不是摧毁这颗小行星，而是改变它的轨道)”可知，DART任务的目标是改变小行星Dimorphos的轨道。故选A。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段中““If you were going to do this for planetary defense, you would do it 5, 10, 15, or 20 years in advance for this technique to work,” said NASA program executive Andrea Riley. “This is why we test. We want to do it now rather than when there’s an actual need.”(“如果你要为行星防御做这件事，你会提前5年、10年、15年或20年，让这项技术发挥作用。”美国宇航局项目主管Andrea Riley说。“这就是我们进行测试的原因。我们希望现在就行动，而不是等到真正有需要的时候。”)”可知，Andrea Riley认为这项测试是提前为行星防御作准备，是未雨绸缪的行为。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“LICIACube remained in orbit around the asteroid and took photographs of the crash and material ejected(弹出) from the asteroid’s surface.(LICIACube留在小行星周围的轨道上，拍摄了撞击和小行星表面喷出物质的照片)”可知，LICIACube飞船的目的是用照片记录撞击试验。故选B。
31．推理判断题。根据第一段“On September 26, 2022, NASA successfully completed its Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) mission by intentionally crashing an unmanned spacecraft into the asteroid(小行星) Dimorphos.The goal was not to destroy the asteroid but to change its orbit. With the successful mission, NASA proved the concept that this technique could keep a potentially dangerous asteroid from crashing into Earth in the future. ”（2022年9月26日，美国宇航局故意将一艘无人飞船撞向小行星Dimorphos，成功完成了双小行星重定向测试(DART)任务。目标不是摧毁小行星，而是改变它的轨道。随着这次任务的成功，美国宇航局证明了这种技术可以防止潜在危险的小行星在未来撞击地球。）可知，文章主要是介绍美国宇航局实施的一次成功的防止潜在危险的小行星撞击地球的任务。故选B。
D
（2023·广东广州·广州市协和中学校考一模）When it’s getting chilly in the mornings, fortunately, humans can throw on a warm jacket or coat when it gets cold. But have you ever wondered how animals make do when the seasons change?
Animals pretty much have three options when it comes to the wintertime. They can either leave, known as migration. They can do some sort of hibernation. Or they can stay and be active all year long. Of course, for deer and other mammals that use the third option, a change of wardrobe is in order.
Many animals change color when winter comes. Snowshoe hares and Arctic foxes are examples of creatures that are gray or brown during the summer but switch to stark-white colors when the temperature drops. The new look helps them hide from predators as well as the prey that they hunt.
But you don’t have to go beyond the Arctic Circle to witness such animal coat changes. White-tailed deer are reddish-brown in the summertime but when the days start getting shorter, their bodies switch to a light-gray in preparation for winter. While this helps the animals blend in with their changing backgrounds, there’s a much more important shift taking place.
Deer actually have two layers of fur. The top coat is full of what scientists call “guard hairs”, which are longer and sometimes hollow. But beneath those, there’s a much thicker layer of underfur. That’s really what gives a deer’s coat its warm-keeping value. That underfur traps a layer of air, and that air gets warmed by the body. And that’s what keeps the deer warm in the wintertime.
When the world starts warming up again in the spring, the deer shed all their underfur, because keeping it would make them run the risk of overheating — which can be just as dangerous as freezing to death. A deer’s summer coat does not have underfur, so there’s a lot of airflow, which is basically deer air conditioning.
32．Why do some animals change colors with the seasons?
A．To hide their tracks. B．To cover their presence.
C．To adapt to the lower temperature. D．To contrast with their backgrounds.
33．How does deer’s underfur make deer warm?
A．By guarding the top skin temperature. B．By stopping the airflow in their fur.
C．By storing much energy and nutrition. D．By adding the thickness of the top fur.
34．What do we know about deer in summer?
A．They lose their underfur. B．They feel overheated easily.
C．They migrate out of Arctic Circle. D．Their gray fur help them stay safe.
35．What is the text mainly about?
A．The habits’ of Arctic animals.
B．Animals’ strange behaviors in winter.
C．Animals’ adjustment to season change.
D．The warmth-keeping function of animal fur.
【答案】32．B 33．B 34．A 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当季节变化时，动物是如何生存的。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Many animals change color when winter comes. Snowshoe hares and Arctic foxes are examples of creatures that are gray or brown during the summer but switch to stark-white colors when the temperature drops. The new look helps them hide from predators as well as the prey that they hunt. (当冬天来临时，许多动物会改变颜色。雪鞋兔和北极狐就是这样的动物，它们在夏天是灰色或棕色的，但在温度下降时就会变成纯白色。新的外表可以帮助它们躲避捕食者和猎物。)”可知，有些动物之所以随着季节改变颜色是为了帮助自己躲避捕食者和猎物。也就是说这些动物改变皮毛的颜色是为了不被发现。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“But beneath those, there’s a much thicker layer of underfur. That’s really what gives a deer’s coat its warm-keeping value. That underfur traps a layer of air, and that air gets warmed by the body. And that’s what keeps the deer warm in the wintertime. (但在它们下面，有一层更厚的绒毛。这就是鹿的皮毛具有保暖价值的原因。皮毛下面有一层空气，这些空气被身体加热。这就是让鹿在冬天保持温暖的原因。)”可知，鹿的皮毛之所以能使鹿温暖是因为这些皮毛下面有一层空气，这些空气被身体加热，而这些皮毛会使得空气不会释放出来，从而使鹿可以保持温暖。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“When the world starts warming up again in the spring, the deer shed all their underfur, because keeping it would make them run the risk of overheating — which can be just as dangerous as freezing to death. (当世界在春天再次开始变暖时，鹿会脱掉所有的皮毛，因为留着皮毛会让它们冒着过热的风险——这和冻死一样危险。)”可知，鹿在夏天会将皮毛褪去。故选A。
35．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“When it’s getting chilly in the mornings, fortunately, humans can throw on a warm jacket or coat when it gets cold. But have you ever wondered how animals make do when the seasons change? (幸运的是，当早晨天气变冷时，人们可以穿上一件暖和的夹克或外套。但是你有没有想过，当季节变化时，动物是如何生存的？)”以及第二段“Animals pretty much have three options when it comes to the wintertime. They can either leave, known as migration. They can do some sort of hibernation. Or they can stay and be active all year long. Of course, for deer and other mammals that use the third option, a change of wardrobe is in order. (动物们在冬天基本上有三种选择。他们要么离开，也就是迁徙。它们可以进行某种冬眠。或者它们可以全年都很活跃。当然，对于鹿和其他使用第三种选择的哺乳动物来说，换一换衣服是顺理成章的。)”可知，文章主要介绍了动物在面对季节变化时是如何应对的。故选C。
第二节 (其5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2023·山东德州·统考三模）Anger is the most destructive emotion. When you are in a temper, you make hasty ill-considered decisions that you will probably regret. You will also regret reckless language spoken without thought. 36 Here are some ways that you can combat the causes of anger.
37 You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong and that people are not always lovely. Try to accept that other people do behave in ways that will make you both frustrated and angry. Often, there might be an excellent reason why a person acted in away that you found unacceptable.
Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry. 38 Neither will they behave in the same way that you would in a given situation.
Reacting angrily is a hard habit to break. The trick is to avoid reacting when faced with a situation that usually angers. Anger is a negative reaction, but in this type of situation, there is no value in reacting by forming positive thoughts. 39 This way,your anger will not get the emotional food it needs to survive.
Don’t take the easy way when you get angry. We all get tempted to throw something, hit something, or scream when we are angry. You might say you feel better after an angry outburst, but that is just the after-effect of the adrenalin (肾上腺素) your body released while you were angry. A reaction like that is the easy way. It is much harder to stay calm, to walk away from conflict, or to take a deep breath and act normally. 40
A．Stop trying to manage your anger.
B．What can be done to control anger?
C．You need to learn not to respond at all.
D．That, however, is what you must do if you are to stop anger.
E．You need to change your attitude to the way the world works.
F．Taking positive steps will help you overcome feelings of anger.
G．Also, you need to accept that not everyone has the same standards as you.
【答案】36．B 37．E 38．G 39．C 40．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种可以帮助对抗愤怒的方法。
36．根据上文“Anger is the most destructive emotion. When you are in a temper, you make hasty ill-considered decisions that you will probably regret. You will also regret reckless language spoken without thought.(愤怒是最具破坏性的情绪。当你脾气不好的时候，你会草率地做出你可能会后悔的决定。你也会后悔不经思考就说出鲁莽的语言)”以及后文“Here are some ways that you can combat the causes of anger.(这里有一些方法可以帮助你克服愤怒的根源)”可知，空处应是过渡句，由生气的坏处过渡到如何克服愤怒，所以B项“What can be done to control anger?(怎样才能控制愤怒呢?)”符合文意。故选B项。
37．分析设空，位于段首，是本段的中心句，所以根据后文“You have to accept that sometimes things do go wrong and that people are not always lovely. Try to accept that other people do behave in ways that will make you both frustrated and angry. Often, there might be an excellent reason why a person acted in away that you found unacceptable.(你必须接受有时事情会出错，人们并不总是可爱的。试着接受别人的行为方式会让你既沮丧又生气。通常，可能会有一个很好的理由来解释为什么一个人的行为让你无法接受)”可知，本段主要讲述了你需要改变你对世界运作方式的态度，所以E项“You need to change your attitude to the way the world works.(你需要改变你对世界运作方式的态度)”符合文意。故选E项。
38．根据前文“Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry.(意识到人无完人是避免生气的好开始)”以及后文“Neither will they behave in the same way that you would in a given situation.(他们的行为也不会和你在特定情况下的行为一样)”可知，本段主要讲述了，不要用自己的标准去看待他人，所以G项“Also, you need to accept that not everyone has the same standards as you.(此外，你需要接受并不是每个人都有和你一样的标准)”符合本段主题。故选G项。
39．根据前文“Reacting angrily is a hard habit to break. The trick is to avoid reacting when faced with a situation that usually angers. Anger is a negative reaction, but in this type of situation, there is no value in reacting by forming positive thoughts.(愤怒是一个很难改掉的习惯。诀窍是在面对通常令人愤怒的情况时避免做出反应。愤怒是一种消极的反应，但在这种情况下，形成积极的想法是没有价值的)”可知，本段主要讲述了不要在愤怒的情况下做出反应，所以C项“You need to learn not to respond at all.(你要学会完全不回应)”符合本段主题。故选C项。
40．分析设空，位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Don’t take the easy way when you get angry. We all get tempted to throw something, hit something, or scream when we are angry. You might say you feel better after an angry outburst, but that is just the after-effect of the adrenalin (肾上腺素) your body released while you were angry. A reaction like that is the easy way. It is much harder to stay calm, to walk away from conflict, or to take a deep breath and act normally.(当你生气的时候，不要轻易就范。当我们生气的时候，我们都会想要扔东西，打东西，或者尖叫。你可能会说你在生气后感觉好多了，但那只是你生气时身体释放的肾上腺素的后遗症。这样的反应很简单。要想保持冷静，远离冲突，或者深呼吸，正常行事，都要困难得多)”可知，D项“That, however, is what you must do if you are to stop anger.(然而，如果你要停止愤怒，那就是你必须做的)”符合文意，和前文构成转折关系，总结前文。故选D项。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2023·甘肃张掖·统考模拟预测）There aren’t many parents who would say that raising children is easy. For many people, having children can 41 parents to choose between career and family. Sometimes it 42 finances — sending a child to nursery or hiring a babysitter can be a huge 43 burden, while others may feel it’s better to be a 44 parent. These days, more and more men are choosing to stay at home to look after their kids. So why are more dads 45 to put their careers 46 ?
With more women working outside the home than 70 years ago, if the need is 47 for one parent to stay at home, it could simply come down to who 48 more — the biggest breadwinner. And with 49 changing towards a man’s role in the family, it seems to be 50 for them to enter full-time parenthood.
51 , though, many men still face shames by choosing to raise their child. A 2013 study in the US found that 51% of people thought children were 52 off if a mother is home and doesn’t have a job, while 8% say the same about a father. But what do parents have to do when they choose to stay with their kids?
In the early stages, a baby is totally 53 on a carer. The changing of nappies and making sure they 54 on time are just some of the vital activities an infant relies on. During this period, both parents take legal 55 from work. But as a child gets older, it can become less about 56 and more about choice. 57 choose a nursery, which can prove expensive, either parent may remain at home to play with and protect and 58 their child to help them develop and grow.
It’s a difficult job, with a 59 boss, but it can also be incredibly rewarding for those willing to do it. And with attitudes 60 towards who should stay at home, maybe more and more fathers will choose to become stay-at-home dads.
41．A．cultivate B．force C．struggle D．allow
42．A．comes down to B．looks up to C．goes up to D．gets down to
43．A．moral B．economical C．financial D．material
44．A．casual B．practical C．hands-up D．hands-on
45．A．refusing B．choosing C．loving D．sharing
46．A．on hold B．in hand C．off shore D．on schedule
47．A．in B．there C．out D．thus
48．A．takes B．carries C．earns D．attains
49．A．remarks B．attitudes C．opinions D．behaviors
50．A．hard B．cozy C．easy D．bitter
51．A．Unexpectedly B．Surprisingly C．Luckily D．Sadly
52．A．better B．politer C．smarter D．livelier
53．A．dependent B．keen C．hard D．emphatic
54．A．sleep B．drink C．live D．feed
55．A．burden B．service C．leave D．charge
56．A．price B．responsibility C．duty D．necessity
57．A．Other than B．Prior to C．Contrary to D．Rather than
58．A．educate B．direct C．conduct D．promote
59．A．urging B．picking C．demanding D．crying
60．A．fighting B．changing C．turning D．shaking
【答案】
41．B 42．A 43．C 44．D 45．B 46．A 47．B 48．C 49．B 50．C 51．D 52．A 53．A 54．D 55．C 56．D 57．D 58．A 59．C 60．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍随着在家庭中男性角色的转变，越来越多的爸爸们似乎要选择成为成为全职奶爸。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：对很多人来说，生孩子会迫使父母在事业和家庭之间做出选择。A. cultivate培养；B. force强迫，迫使；C. struggle挣扎；D. allow允许。根据前文“There aren’t many parents who would say that raising children is easy.(没有多少父母会说养孩子是件容易的事)”可知，有了孩子以后，父母会被迫在工作和家庭之间作出选择。故选B项。
42．考查动词短语辨析。句意：有时是经济问题——送孩子去托儿所或雇佣保姆可能是一个巨大的经济负担，而其他人可能会觉得做一个亲力亲为的父母更好。A. comes down to归根结底，可归结为，实质上是；B. looks up to尊敬；C. goes up to上升到；D. gets down to开始认真考虑，着手。父母必须要在工作和孩子之间作出选择的时候，归根到底是金钱方面的原因。故选A项。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时是经济问题——送孩子去托儿所或雇佣保姆可能是一个巨大的经济负担，而其他人可能会觉得做一个亲力亲为的父母更好。A. moral道德上的；B. economical经济实惠的；C. financial经济上的；D. material物质的。根据前文“There aren’t many parents who would say that raising children is easy.”和“sending a child to nursery or hiring a babysitter”可知，养孩子不是件容易的事，送孩子去托儿所或者请保姆会带来经济负担，故选C项。
44．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时是经济问题——送孩子去托儿所或雇佣保姆可能是一个巨大的经济负担，而其他人可能会觉得做一个亲力亲为的父母更好。A. casual随意的；B. practical切实的；C. hands-up举起手来；D. hands-on实际操作的，事必躬亲的。有“while”可知与前文“sending a child to nursery or hiring a babysitter”相对的“others”是“父母自己亲自带孩子”。故选D项。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那么，为什么越来越多的父亲选择搁置自己的事业呢? A. refusing拒绝；B. choosing选择；C. loving爱；D. sharing分享。针对前文“more and more men are choosing to stay at home to look after their kids”越来越多的男人选择呆在家里照顾孩子提问，为什么越来越多的父亲“选择”搁置自己的事业呢。故选B项。
46．考查介词短语辨析。句意：那么，为什么越来越多的父亲选择搁置自己的事业呢? A. on hold搁置；B. in hand在手头，进行中；C. off shore离岸；D. on schedule准时。根据上文“more and more men are choosing to stay at home to look after their kids.”可知越来越多的男人搁置自己的事业，选择呆在家里照顾孩子。“put...on hold”表示“ 搁置”。故选A项。
47．考查副词词义辨析。句意：与70年前相比，随着越来越多的女性外出工作，如果需要父母中的一方留在家里，这可能简单地归结为谁赚得更多——养家糊口的最大赢家。A. in在里面；B. there在那里；C. out在外面；D. thus因此。句中“for one parent to stay at home”是存在的一种需求，结合语境可知“if the need is there”表示“存在着一个必须让父母当中一个留在家里的需求”。故选B项。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与70年前相比，随着越来越多的女性外出工作，如果需要父母中的一方留在家里，这可能简单地归结为谁赚得更多——养家糊口的最大赢家。A. takes拿，取；B. carries携带；C. earns赚；D. attains获得，实现。根据破折号后面的“the biggest breadwinner”可知，此处指挣钱更多的人。故选C项。
49．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着人们对男性在家庭中角色的态度改变，他们似乎更容易成为全职父母。A. remarks评论；B. attitudes态度；C. opinions观点；D. behaviors行为。根据最后一段的“with attitudes 20 towards who should stay at home”可知，此处表示现在的人对男性在家庭中的角色的态度已经发生了转变。故选B项。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：随着人们对男性在家庭中角色的态度改变，他们似乎更容易成为全职父母。A. hard困难的；B. cozy舒适的；C. easy简单的；D. bitter苦涩的，痛苦的。根据前文“With more women working outside the home than 70 years ago”可知，更多的女性在外挣钱，随着人们的态度改变，大家不介意男性在家里当奶爸，所以让男性回归家庭带孩子也就更容易。故选C项。
51．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，可悲的是，许多男人仍然因为选择抚养孩子而感到羞愧。A. Unexpectedly出乎意料地；B. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. Luckily幸运地；D. Sadly悲哀地。根据后文“many men still face shames by choosing to raise their child”可知，虽然态度发生了转变，但是还是有很多人对于男性回家带孩子是持否定态度的，认为这是一种羞耻，然而父母带孩子并没有什么好羞耻的，所以这种观点在作者看来是令人难以接受的，是令人伤心、难过的。故选D项。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：美国2013年的一项研究发现，51%的人认为如果母亲在家且没有工作，孩子会更好，而8%的人认为父亲也是如此。A. better更好的；B. politer更礼貌的；C. smarter更聪明的；D. livelier更活泼的。2013年的研究是在对比到底父亲带孩子还是母亲带孩子对孩子更有利，并未指出具体在哪方面对孩子更有利，所以B、C、D选项都过于具体。固定短语better off表示“更好的”。故选A项。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在早期阶段，婴儿完全依赖于照顾者。A. dependent依赖的；B. keen热衷的；C. hard努力地，困难的；D. emphatic强调的，坚决的。根据前文“In the early stages”可知，孩子处于婴儿时期，对大人的依赖性很强。be dependent on 意为“依赖”。故选A项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：换尿布和确保他们按时进食只是婴儿依赖的一些重要活动。A. sleep睡觉；B. drink喝；C. live生活；D. feed喂养。带小婴儿时，与“The changing of nappies (换尿片)” 并列的就是按时喂孩子。故选D项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在此期间，父母双方都是法定休假。A. burden负担；B. service服务；C. leave假期，休假；D. charge收费。根据“legal”可知，刚生完孩子以后，父亲和母亲都可以合法休产假。take leave from work“请假、休假”。故选C项。
56．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但随着孩子年龄的增长，它可能变得不那么需要，而是更多地与选择有关。A. price价格；B. responsibility责任；C. duty职责；D. necessity需要。根据前文“But as a child gets older”和后文“and more about choice”孩子慢慢长大了以后对父母的依赖性就不是很强了，就可以要么把孩子送去托儿所，要么请保姆，所以这个时候父母留在家里带孩子就不再是一件必须的事情，而是可以作出选择的事情。故选D项。
57．考查介词短语辨析。句意：父母中的任何一方都可以留在家里陪孩子玩耍，保护和教育孩子，帮助他们发展和成长，而不是选择昂贵的托儿所。A. Other than除了；B. Prior to在……之前；C. Contrary to与……相反；D. Rather than而不是。根据后文“either parent may remain at home to play with and protect”可知，父母其中一人可以在家里陪伴孩子，而不是选择托儿所。故选D项。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母中的任何一方都可以留在家里陪孩子玩耍，保护和教育孩子，帮助他们发展和成长，而不是选择昂贵的托儿所。A. educate教育；B. direct指引；C. conduct实施；D. promote促进。根据后文“help them develop and grow”可知父母留在家里教育孩子。故选A项。
59．考查动词、形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一项艰难的工作，有一个要求很高的老板，但它也可以给那些愿意做的人带来难以置信的回报。A. urging敦促；B. picking挑选；C. demanding要求高的；D. crying哭。分析句子可知，空处填形容词修饰boss，根据前文“It’s a difficult job”可知，带孩子就像为一个高要求的老板工作。故选C项。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着人们对谁应该待在家里的态度的改变，也许越来越多的父亲会选择成为全职奶爸。A. fighting斗争；B. changing改变；C. turning转变；D. shaking摇动。根据后文“maybe more and more fathers will choose to become stay-at-home dads”可知，随着人们的态度的转变，越来越多的父母将选择成为全职奶爸。故选B项。
第二节 ( 共10小题:每小题1.5分, 满分15分 )
（2023春·广东惠州·高三统考期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The local government of Zibo issued two open letters to all citizens. The government extended its gratitude for the citizens’ 61 (warm) and hospitality toward visitors coming to enjoy the city’s signature barbecue, 62 has recently become a hit across the country.
Since early March, Zibo local barbecue 63 (cause) a sensation online. But how did Zibo rise to fame? From July 2022 to February 2023, Zibo organized many trips to the city for university students. Despite reaching peak visitation numbers, there was no sense of panic. Instead, several supportive 64 (policy) were promptly introduced, such as establishing a “Golden Stove Award”, forming a barbecue association, creating a map of Zibo barbecue restaurants, 65 launching 21 dedicated tourist routes that go beyond just barbecue.
Zibo’s sudden boom in popularity also resulted 66 the post-pandemic tourism revival China has experienced. The city aims to restore 67 (it) tourism industry and ensure sustainable growth. 68 (achieve) this goal, it has created 69 welcoming environment with convenient services for young people, particularly university students. The city has also invited students from distinguished universities to visit Zibo for free, 70 (signal) its eagerness to attract talented young individuals.
【答案】
61．warmth 62．which 63．has caused 64．policies 65．and 66．from 67．its 68．To achieve 69．a 70．signaling/signalling
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了淄博烧烤。
61．考查名词。句意：政府对市民对游客的热情好客表示感谢，他们来这里享受城市标志性的烧烤，这一烧烤最近在全国范围内受到欢迎。名词所有格citizens’后接名词warmth作宾语，为不可数名词。故填warmth。
62．考查定语从句。句意：政府对市民对游客的热情好客表示感谢，他们来这里享受城市标志性的烧烤，这一烧烤最近在全国范围内受到欢迎。句中先行词为the city’s signature barbecue，指物，关系词在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
63．考查时态。句意：自3月初以来，淄博本地烧烤在网上引起了轰动。根据时间状语Since early March可知，用现在完成时。主语Zibo local barbecue为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has caused。
64．考查名词的数。句意：相反，政府迅速出台了一系列扶持政策，比如设立“金炉奖”、成立烧烤协会、制作淄博烧烤店地图、推出21条不局限于烧烤的旅游专线。根据形容词several和谓语动词were可知，用名词的复数形式作主语。故填policies。
65．考查连词。句意：相反，政府迅速出台了一系列扶持政策，比如设立“金炉奖”、成立烧烤协会、制作淄博烧烤店地图、推出21条不局限于烧烤的旅游专线。句中establishing a “Golden Stove Award”，forming a barbecue association，creating a map of Zibo barbecue restaurants和 launching 21 dedicated tourist routes为并列关系，所以用并列连词and。故填and。
66．考查介词。句意：淄博人气的突飞猛进也得益于疫情后中国旅游业的复苏。result from固定搭配，意为“起因于”。故填from。
67．考查代词。句意：该市的目标是恢复其旅游业，并确保可持续增长。名词tourism industry前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
68．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了实现这一目标，它为年轻人，特别是大学生创造了一个温馨的环境和便利的服务。用不定式，在句中作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To achieve。
69．考查冠词。句意：为了实现这一目标，它为年轻人，特别是大学生创造了一个温馨的环境和便利的服务。名词environment为可数名词，泛指，且welcoming发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
70．考查非谓语动词。句意：淄博还邀请著名大学的学生免费参观淄博，这表明该市渴望吸引有才华的年轻人。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。表示自然而然的结果，所以现在分词作结果状语。故填signaling/signalling。
第四部分 写作 (共两节,满分35分)
第一节 短文改错 (共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
（2023·甘肃酒泉·统考三模）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉；
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
It was Father’s Day. Having been finished my homework, I together with my sister went to buy some vegetables as well as a gift as planned. We were supposed to giving our father a big surprise. On our way home, we met with Grandpa Li, an old neighbour without children. Suddenly, I came up an idea. Then we went to his home with what we had bought. With his help, we cooked a delicious meal. After that we made a phone call to our parents but told them that we will have lunch at Grandpa Li’s. Hearing what we had done, we were very pleased, saying we were really caring. We helped Grandpa Li do a thorough clean after lunch. Tiredly as we were, we felt we had spent a meaning day. I believe it is a day when will be remembered by me forever in my future life.
【答案】1. 删除been
2. giving→give
3. 在came up后加with
4. but→and
5. will→would
6. we→they
7. clean→cleaning
8. Tiredly→Tired
9. meaning→meaningful
10. when→that/which
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者和妹妹本打算在父亲节给父亲一个惊喜，在遇到李爷爷后，改变了主意，决定去帮助他，让作者觉得度过了有意义的一天。
【详解】1. 考查动词语态。句意：做完作业后，我和妹妹按计划去买了一些蔬菜和礼物。分析句子结构可知，finish的逻辑主语是I，两者间是主动关系，用现在分词的完成式作状语，无需用被动语态。故删除been。
2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们本该给父亲一个大惊喜的。分析句子结构可知，be supposed to中的to是不定式的标志，后应接动词原形。故将giving改为give。
3. 考查介词。句意：突然，我想到了一个主意。分析句子结构可知，此处考查固定搭配：come up with意为“想出”。故在came up后加with。
4. 考查连词。句意：之后，我们给父母打了个电话，告诉他们我们将在李爷爷家吃午饭。分析句子结构可知，“we made a phone call to our parents”和“told them that we will have lunch at Grandpa Li’s”两句间是并列关系而不是转折关系。故将but改为and。
5. 考查动词时态。句意：之后，我们给父母打了个电话，告诉他们我们将在李爷爷家吃午饭。结合上下文时态以及told可知，文章是描述过去发生的事情，此处应该用过去将来时。故将will改为would。
6. 考查代词。句意：听到我们所做的，他们很高兴，说我们真的很有爱心。根据句意可知，此处应是“听到我们所做的，父母他们很开心”符合语境，应用they指代。故将we改为they。
7. 考查名词。句意：午饭后我们帮李爷爷做了一次大扫除。结合不定冠词a和形容词thorough可知，此处应用名词作宾语，clean为动词，应用名词形式cleaning。故将clean改为cleaning。
8. 考查形容词。句意：虽然我们很累，但我们觉得我们度过了有意义的一天。分析句子结构可知，此处是倒装句，此处作were的表语，应该用形容词形式。故将Tiredly改为Tired。
9. 考查形容词。句意：虽然我们很累，但我们觉得我们度过了有意义的一天。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰名词day，应该用形容词修饰，meaning为名词，不符合题意。故将meaning改为meaningful。
10. 考查定语从句。句意：我相信在我未来的生活中，这一天将永远被我记住。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词是day，关系词在从句中作主语，应该用which或者that引导。故将when改为that/which。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
（2023·天津南开·南开中学校考模拟预测）假定你是李华，你正在某国外中学做交换生，该校校报的“外国文化”栏目拟介绍中国传统文化，校报编辑Peter给你写信，咨询你的意见。请你给Peter写封回信，要点如下：1.你认为最能代表中国文化的是什么？请说明理由；
2.我们应该如何更好地推广中国文化？(至少两点)
注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【答案】Dear Peter,
I’m so happy that the “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper will recommend traditional Chinese culture.
From my perspective, there is no denying that Confucius is the most representative symbol of Chinese culture. As a philosopher, Confucius not only represents the traditional Chinese culture, but has been influencing us Chinese people since ancient times. Nowadays we can find lots of Confucius institutes around the world, which provide platforms for the foreigners to learn about Chinese culture.
Undoubtedly, culture is a decisive factor for social development. As a country with a long history, China is rich in civilization and culture. To promote Chinese culture, we are supposed to provide various cultural exchange activities. What’s more, establishing Confucius institutes all over the world is also a good idea. Meanwhile, attracting more foreign visitors to China to experience Chinese culture will have a far-reaching impact.
I hope that my advice will be of some help to you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于书信应用文，要求考生为校报编辑Peter写一篇关于介绍中国传统文化意见的回信。其内容包括你认为最能代表中国文化的是什么并请说明理由以及我们应该如何更好地推广中国文化。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：happy→delighted
影响：influence→impact
很多：lots of →plenty of
不同的：various→a variety of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Undoubtedly, culture is a decisive factor for social development.
拓展句：There is no doubt that culture is a decisive factor for social development.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Nowadays we can find lots of Confucius institutes around the world, which provide platforms for the foreigners to learn about Chinese culture.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】 I hope that my advice will be of some help to you.(运用了that引导的宾语从句)
