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十月推荐4--完形填空(人与自然之环境与动物)--五年(2018—2022)高考英语真题精选分类训练

正文概述 王宝红   2022-11-10  

生活环境与动物

Passage12022年全国甲卷

主题语境

语篇类型

文章词数

核心词汇

人与动物

个人故事

281

dogs

You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.

For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___41___ was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with ___42___. When I first dated Steve, I ___43___ he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was ___44___ that he was an animal lover, I ___45___ that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack ___46___, the cat.

The next week we ___47___ our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our ___48___, Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚)? I liked him too, but so ___49___? He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. ______50______, I began to fall for him.

We ______51______ to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her ______52______. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly ______53______ climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve ______54______ his house. All worked ______55______. The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, ______56______ Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team ______57______ for Tilly. We made good housemates.

A year later, much to my ______58______, this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel () down, nor did I ______59______ him to. That’s only for giving ______60______ to the dogs that brought us together.

41. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership

42. A. reservations B. expectations C. confidence D. prejudice

43. A. feared B. doubted C. hoped D. learned

44. A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled

45. A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted

46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly

47. A. tied B. walked C. bathed D. fed

48. A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination

49. A. calm B. sure C. soon D. real

50. A. By the way B. In that case C. By all means D. In that moment

51. A. continued B. decided C. intended D. pretended

52. A. eye B. tail C. ear D. leg

53. A. secretly B. constantly C. eventually D. unwillingly

54. A. left B. sold C. suggested D. searched

55. A. late B. hard C. fine D. free

56. A. emptied B. respected C. occupied D. discovered

57. A. looking B. caring C. waiting D. calling

58. A. delight B. credit C. interest D. disadvantage

59. A. beg B. trust C. need D. aid

60. A. toys B. awards C. food D. water

【答案解析】

【答案】41. C    42. A    43. D    44. D    45. B    46. A    47. B    48. A    49. C    50. D    51. A    52. D    53. B    54. C    55. C    56. B    57. B    58. A    59. C    60. D

【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了,作者认为你可以从一个男人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多,作者多年和两只爱犬生活在一起,去年开始和拥有猫狗的史蒂夫约会,但有所保留,因为一次遛狗时史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝,作者渐渐对史蒂夫产生好感,在之后的接触中,史蒂夫和作者一起照顾作者的爱犬,一年后史蒂夫向作者求婚。

41题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权;B. membership会员;C. companionship陪伴;D. leadership领导。由上文的“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. (多年来,我喜欢和我的狗TillyChance生活在一起)”可知,作者多年和狗狗生活在一起,可得出狗狗陪伴着作者,让作者远离孤独。故选C项。

42题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:去年,我开始约会,但有所保留。A. reservations保留;B. expectations期望;C. confidence信心;D. prejudice偏见。由下文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里,递给我的狗)”“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知,作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗时,因为史蒂夫把水给自己的爱犬喝,作者才对史蒂夫产生好感,可得出刚开始约会时,因为不熟悉史蒂夫的品行,作者还是有所保留的。故选A项。

43题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时,我得知他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫。A. feared恐惧;B. doubted怀疑;C. hoped希望;D. learned得知。由上文的“When I first dated Steve (当我第一次和史蒂夫约会时)”和常识可知,第一次约会会得知对方相关情况,作者从而得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只猫。故选D项。

44题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者,但我担心三条狗可能太多了,我的狗可能会攻击猫FloraA. unsatisfied不满意的;B. amused愉快的;C. terrified害怕的;D. thrilled非常开心的。由下文的“he was an animal lover (他是一个动物爱好者)”可知,得知史蒂夫是一个动物爱好者,多年和两只爱犬生活在一起的作者应该是感到愉快高兴。故选D项。

45题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者,但我担心三条狗可能太多了,我的狗可能会攻击猫FloraA. predicted预测;B. worried担心;C. regretted后悔;D. insisted坚持。由下文的“three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack     6    the cat (三条狗可能太多了,我的狗可能会攻击猫)”可知,作者认为三条狗可能太多了,且自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫,针对这种情况,作者是担忧的。故选B项。

46题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者,但我担心三条狗可能太多了,我的狗可能会攻击猫FloraA. Flora弗洛拉;B. Chance机会;C. Molly莫莉;D. Tilly蒂莉。选项指的是文中动物名词。由上文的“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora (他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”可知,此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A项。

47题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:第二周,我们一起遛狗。A. tied系;B. walked牵着(动物)走;C. bathed沐浴;D. fed喂养。由本处的  7  our dogs together (一起……我们的狗)”以及下文“When we paused”可知,作者和史蒂夫在一起遛狗。故选B项。

48题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我们停下来休息时,史蒂夫单膝跪下。A. breath呼吸;B. balance平衡;C. attention注意力;D. imagination想象。由上文的“It was a hot day. When we paused (那是一个炎热的日子。当我们停下)”可知,那天很热,遛狗的二人停下来休息一下,catch one’s breath (休息一下、歇一口气)。 故选A项。

49题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我也喜欢他,但这么快?A. calm冷静的;B. sure确定的;C. soon很快的;D real真正的。由上文的“The next week (第二周)”“Was he proposing (求婚)? (他在求婚吗)”可知,二人才认识两周,作者以为史蒂夫要向自己求婚,认为进展太快了。故选C项。

50题详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意:就在那一刻,我开始爱上他。A. By the way顺便说一句;B. In that case那样的话;C. By all means务必;D. In that moment那一刻。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里,递给我的狗)”和下文的“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知,就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻,还有所保留的作者卸下心防,对史蒂夫产生好感。故选D项。

51题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们继续约会,虽然我们都没有提到未来。A. continued继续;B. decided决定;C. intended打算;D. pretended假装。由上文的“I began to fall for him (我开始爱上他)”可知,作者对史蒂夫产生好感,可得出二人会继续约会。故选A项。

52题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:11月下旬,Tilly的腿做了一次手术。A. eye眼睛;B. tail尾巴;C. ear耳朵;D. leg腿。由下文的“I worried that Tilly   13   climbing the stairs could reopen the wound (我担心Tilly爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开)”可知,作者担心爬楼会影响Tilly的伤口,可得出Tilly的腿做了手术。故选D项。

53题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意:我一天带狗出去四次,我担心Tilly不断地爬楼梯会使伤口重新裂开。A. secretly秘密地;B. constantly不断地;C. eventually最终;D. unwillingly不情愿地。由上文的“I took the dogs out four times a day (我一天带狗出去四次)”可知,作者一天带狗出去四次,可得出狗狗(包括Tilly)要不断地爬楼梯。故选B项。

54题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后史蒂夫离开了他的房子。A. left离开;B. sold卖;C. suggested建议,推荐;D. searched搜寻。由下文的“We made good housemates. (我们是很好的室友)”可知,二人成为室友。可以推断出来,因为害怕作者的狗爬楼梯不方便,所以建议作者搬过去一起住。故选C项。

55题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:一切都很好。A. late晚的;B. hard困难的;C. fine好的;D. free自由的。由下文的“The three dogs formed a pack (这三条狗组成了一个团队)”“Steve and I formed a good team (史蒂夫和我组成了一个好团队)”“We made good housemates. (我们是很好的室友)”可知,狗狗相处友好,作者和史蒂夫相处也友好,可得出一切都好。故选C项。

56题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:这三条狗组成了一个团队,在训练下,尊重Flora的空间;史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. emptied清空;B. respected尊重;C. occupied占据;D. discovered发现。由上文的“my dogs might attack   6   , the cat (我的狗可能会攻击猫)”“The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching (这三条狗组成了一个团队,在训练下)”可知,起初作者担心自己的狗会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora,但作者的狗和史蒂夫的狗相处友好,可得出在训练下,狗不会去攻击猫,结合动物的领地意识可知,此处指狗尊重猫的空间。故选B项。

57题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:这三条狗组成了一个团队,在训练下,尊重Flora的空间;史蒂夫和我组成了一个照顾Tilly的好团队。A. looking看;B. caring照顾;C. waiting等待;D. calling打电话。由上文的“Tilly had an operation (Tilly做了一次手术)”可知,作者的狗Tilly做过手术,史蒂夫和作者一起居住后,和作者一起照顾术后康复的Tilly。故选B项。

58题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:一年后,令我非常高兴的是,这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚。A. delight高兴;B. credit信用;C. interest兴趣;D. disadvantage缺点。由下文的“this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me (这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚)”可知,史蒂夫向作者求婚,作者应该是感到高兴。故选A项。

59题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:他没有跪下,我也不需要他跪下。A. beg乞求;B. trust信任;C. need需要;D. aid帮助。由上文的“He did not kneel () down (他没有跪下)”和常识可知,一般求婚是要下跪的,但史蒂夫没有下跪,作者对此并不在意,因为作者不需要他下跪。故选C项。

60题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:正是给爱犬喝水的举动把我们带到一起。A. toys玩具;B. awards奖励;C. food食物;D. water水。由上文的“He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs.   10   , I began to fall for him. (他把瓶子里的水倒在手里,递给我的狗。我开始爱上他)”可知,就在史蒂夫把水给作者爱犬喝的那一刻,还有所保留的作者卸下心防,对史蒂夫产生好感,所以是给爱犬喝水的举动让二人走到了一起。故选D项。

【长难句析】

1. While I was thrilled that he was an animal lover, I amused that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack predicted, the cat.

【分析】本句是复合句,含有While引导的让步状语从句,that 引导宾语从句。

【译文】虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者,但我担心三条狗可能太多了,我的狗可能会攻击猫Flora。  

2. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly constantly climbing the stairs could reopen the wound.

【分析】本句是复合句,含有and 并列连词引起并列分句 I worried that....that引导的是宾语从句。

【译文】 我每天带狗出去四次,我担心蒂莉不停地爬楼梯会让伤口重新愈合。  

Passage22021年全国甲卷

主题语境

语篇类型

文章词数

核心词汇

社会交往

个人故事

267

hotel

It's the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.

Burchill was ___21___ at the hotel on business and planning to ___22___ some friends in the area. They had asked him to ___23___ some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he ___24___ a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was ___25___ that it would be too warm, he ___26___ it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was ___27___ and well chilled (冷却) and he ___28___ .

That's when things went ____29____ “I remember walking down the long _____30_____ and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of _____31_____ to the 4-star hotel. "The seagulls immediately went _____32_____ . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to _____33_____ at the same time, and pepperoni—everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real _____34_____ .

Older and wiser now, Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion (莽撞).

“I have _____35_____ and I admit responsibility of my _____36_____,” he said in the letter. “I come to you, _____37_____ , to apologize for the-damage I had _____38_____ caused and to ask you to _____39_____ my lifetime ban from the hotel.”

His letter _____40_____ . Banned from the hotel since 2001.Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.

21. A. studying B. staying C. looking D. packing

22. A. visit B. help C. follow D. make

23. A. sell B. have C. bring D. taste

24. A. filled B. locked C. abandoned D. lost

25. A. surprised B. pleased C. excited D. worried

26. A. dug B. cleared C. cut D. laid

27. A. delicious B. safe C. soft D. ready

28. A. left B. nodded C. waited D. regretted

29. A. far B. funny C. wrong D. blind

30. A. beach B. driveway C. hall D. table

31. A. application B. apology C. request D. invitation

32. A. hungry B. dead C. missing D. wild

33. A. wake up B. get out C. take off D. break in

34. A. mess B. puzzle C. fight D. challenge

35. A. recovered B. retired C. escaped D. matured

36. A. suffering B. plans C. madness D. actions

37. A. hands in pocket B. nose in the air C. hat in hand D. feet on the ground

38. A. indirectly B. deliberately C. cautiously D. secretly

39. A. replace B. remember C. reconsider D. renew

40. A. arrived B. worked C. ended D. disappeared

【答案解析】

【答案】21. D    22. A    23. C    24. A    25. D    26. D    27. B    28. A    29. C    30. C    31. B    32. D    33. B    34. A    35. D    36. D    37. C    38. A    39. C    40. B

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了Burchill住酒店时,给朋友携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥,海鸥在逃跑的过程中,造成了一些东西的损坏,Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。酒店把Burchill列入了黑名单,Burchill被终身禁止入住该酒店。Burchill诚恳地写了道歉信,请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。最终,他的信起作用了。

21题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:Burchill出差,当时正在酒店收拾行李,准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. studying研究;B. staying停留;C. looking看;D. packing包装。根据Burchill was   21   at the hotel on business and planning to   22   some friends in the area.及生活常识可知,Burchill出差住在酒店,准备去拜访当地的一些朋友,自然是在酒店收拾行李。故选D

22题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:Burchill出差,当时正在酒店收拾行李,准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。A. visit拜访;B. help帮助;C. follow跟随;D. make制作。根据They had asked him to   23   some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he   24   a suitcase full of pepperoni.可知,朋友让他带一些东西,由此推知Burchill准备去拜访当地的一些朋友。故选A

23题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:他们让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。A. sell卖;B. have有;C. bring带来; D. taste品尝。根据So he   24   a suitcase full of pepperoni.可知,Burchill的朋友让他从美国东部带些意大利香肠过来。故选C

24题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。A. filled装满;B. locked锁上;C. abandoned抛弃;D. lost丢失。根据a suitcase full of pepperoniThey rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to   33   at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.可知,他装了满满一箱子意大利香肠。故选A

25题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:因为担心会太热,他把它放在桌子上,靠近一扇开着的窗户。A. surprised感到惊讶的;B. pleased高兴的;C. excited兴奋的;D. worried担心的。根据he   26   it out on the table near an open window.可知,他担心意大利香肠会太热,所以把它放在桌子上,靠近一扇开着的窗户。故选D

26题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:因为担心会太热,他把它放在桌子上,靠近一扇开着的窗户。A. dug挖; B. cleared清除;C. cut切下;D. laid放。根据it out on the table near an open window可知,他把它放在桌子上。故选D

27题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的,冷却得很好,就走了。A. delicious美味的; B. safe安全的;C. soft柔软的;D. ready准备好。根据““I remember walking down the long   30   and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of   31   to the 4-star hotel.可知,Burchill离开了,由此推知,他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的,冷却得很好。故选B

28题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:他以为他的意大利香肠是安全的,冷却得很好,就走了。A. left离开;B. nodded点头;C. waited等待;D. regretted后悔。根据““I remember walking down the long   30   and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls,” Burchill said in a recent letter of   31   to the 4-star hotel.可知,Burchill离开了。故选A

29题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:事情就在这时出了问题。A. far远的;B. funny有趣的;C. wrong失常的;D. blind盲目的。根据The seagulls immediately went   32   . They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to   33   at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere. The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down, It was a real   34   .可知,事情就在这时出了问题。故选C

30题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说:我记得我走过长长的大厅,打开房门,发现满满一群海鸥。A. beach海滩;B. driveway私人车道;C. hall大厅;D. table桌子。根据and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls可知,Burchill走过长长的大厅。故选C

31题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:Burchill在最近给这家四星级酒店的一封道歉信中说:我记得我走过长长的大厅,打开房门,发现满满一群海鸥。A. application申请;B. apology道歉;C. request要求;D. invitation邀请。根据““I have   35   and I admit responsibility of my   36   ,” he said in the letter. “I come to you,   37   , to apologize for the-damage I had   38   caused and to ask you to   39   my lifetime ban from the hotel.”

可知,Burchill给酒店写了一封道歉信。故选B

32题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:海鸥立刻变得疯狂起来。A. hungry饥饿的;B. dead死亡的;C. missing失踪的; D. wild疯狂的。根据They rushed to the window, 30 or 40 birds all trying to   33   at the same time, and pepperoni — everywhere.可知,海鸥被突然回到房间的Burchill吓到了,变得疯狂起来。故选D

33题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意:它们冲到窗口,3040只鸟都想同时出去,到处都是意大利香肠。A. wake up醒来;B. get out出去;C. take off起飞;D. break in闯入。根据They rushed to the window及生活常识可知,鸟看到人类很害怕,想同时从窗户逃出去。故选B

34题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:窗帘在落下,灯也在落下,真是一团糟。A. mess混乱; B. puzzle不解之谜;C. fight打架;D. challenge挑战。根据The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down可知,现场一片混乱。故选A

35题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:我成熟了,我承认对自己的行为负责,他在信中说。A. recovered恢复;B. retired退休;C. escaped逃跑;D. matured成熟。根据and I admit responsibility of my   36   ,可知,这里意思是Burchill认为自己成熟了。故选D

36题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:我成熟了,我承认对自己的行为负责,他在信中说。A. suffering苦难;B. plans计划;C. madness疯狂;D. actions行为。根据I come to you,   37   , to apologize for the-damage I had   38   caused and to ask you to   39   my lifetime ban from the hotel.可知,Burchill承认对自己的行为负责。故选D

37题详解】

考查固定短语辨析。句意:我来找你,恭恭敬敬地,为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. hands in pocket手放在口袋里; B. nose in the air目中无人;C. hat in hand毕恭毕敬地;D. feet on the ground脚踏实地。根据to apologize for the-damage I had   38   caused and to ask you to   39   my lifetime ban from the hotel.及生活常识可知,向别人道歉,应该表明自己是毕恭毕敬地。故选C

38题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意:我来找你,恭恭敬敬地,为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. indirectly间接;B. deliberately故意地;C. cautiously谨慎地;D. secretly秘密地。根据The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down可知,作者携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥,海鸥在逃跑的过程中,造成了一些东西的损坏,Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。故选A

39题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:我来找你,恭恭敬敬地,为我间接造成的伤害道歉并请求您重新考虑我被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。A. replace取代;B. remember记得;C. reconsider重新考虑;D. renew更新。根据my lifetime ban from the hotel.Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.可知,Burchill请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。故选C

40题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:他的信起作用了。A. arrived到达;B. worked起作用;C. ended结束;D. disappeared消失。根据Banned from the hotel since 2001. Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.可知,他的信起作用了。故选B

【长难句析】

As he was worried that it would be too warm, he laid it out on the table near an open window.

【分析】本句是复合句,含有As 引导的原因状语从句,其后又含有宾语从句that it would be too warm

【译文】他担心它会太热,就把它放在靠近一扇打开的窗户的桌子上。

Passage320206月浙江卷

主题语境

语篇类型

文章词数

核心词汇

人与动物

故事

278

dog

I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years. I use a small tractor to get about. My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger scat.

One morning I ___36___ a lost lamb when I was in the top fieldnear where a motorway cuts through my land. The lamb had become separated from its ___37___ , so I jumped out of the tractor to ___38___ it while Don stayed in his seat.

Lamb and mother ___39___ , I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me. This was so ___40___ because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out. ___41___ Don had somehow made the ___42___move.

My heart froze in my chest as I ___43___ the tractor heading towards the ___44___ .I ran desperately but failed to _____45_____. It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared. The _____46_____ thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.

Heart in mouth, I _____47_____ the fence and looked over. The tractor was _____48_____against the crash barrier in the central reservation, having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the _____49_____ road with fast-flowing traffic. I couldn’t see Don, but as I _____50_____ the tractor he jumped out onto the road, apparently _____51_____ , and dashed back to me.

The police _____52_____ and the motorway ran normally again. I couldn't quite believe my _____53_____ it turned out no one got badly hurt, but the outcome could have been _____54_____ .Don was given a special _____55_____ that nightI didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.

36. A. dropped B. spotted C. carried D. returned

37. A. kids B. friends C. owner D. mother

38. A. ask about B. play with C. tend to D. run into

39. A. freed B. switched C. reunited D. examined

40. A. unexpected B. dangerous C. embarrassing D. difficult

41. A. Fortunately B. Generally C. Immediately D. Obviously

42. A. lamb B. vehicle C. seat D. fence

43. A. saw B. stopped C. remembered D. drove

44. A. crowd B. motorway C. field D. hill

45. A. take off B. catch up C. hold back D. get out

46. A. real B. best C. basic D. last

47. A. fixed B. noticed C. reached D. closed

48. A. resting B. running C. parking D. turning

49. A. sleep B. long C. rough D. busy

50. A. abandoned B. approached C. recognized D. repaired

51. A. unclean B. uncertain C. unhurt D. unhappy

52. A. arrived B. replied C. survived D. waited

53. A. ability B. dream C. luck D. idea

54. A. common B. confusing C. desirable D. awful

55. A. meal B. test C. job D. lesson

【答案解析】

【答案】36. B    37. D    38. C    39. C    40. A    41. D    42. B    43. A    44. B    45. B    46. D    47. C    48. A    49. D    50. B    51. C    52. A    53. C    54. D    55. A

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者开车带着它的狗去田地,路上发现了一只和它妈妈走散的小羊。作者下车去照看小羊,把自己的狗留在了车上。后来,作者帮助小羊找到了妈妈,谁知竟发现自己的狗开着拖拉机冲到了高速路上。作者赶紧沿途追赶,害怕造成严重的后果。幸运的是,最后没有人受伤。这真是一个奇迹!

36题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:一天早上,我在山顶的田野里发现了一只迷路的小羊,那里有一条高速公路穿过我的田地。A. dropped下降;B. spotted发现;C. carried搬; D. returned返回。下文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了,所以我是无意中发现了一只迷路的小羊。故选B

37题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:小羊和它的妈妈走散了,所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它,而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. kids小孩;B. friends朋友;C. owner主人;D. mother妈妈。根据下文Lamb and mother,可知小羊是和它的妈妈走散了。故选D

38题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意:小羊和它的妈妈走散了,所以我跳下拖拉机去照看它,而Don还坐在它的座位上。A. ask about询问;B. play with……一起玩;C. tend to照看;D. run into撞上。上文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了,所以可以推测出我跳下拖拉机去照看它。故选C

39题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:小羊和它的妈妈重聚了,我转过身去看拖拉机,却看见它突然离开了我。A. freed使自由;B. switched转变;C. reunited重聚;D. examined检查。下文说我转过身去看拖拉机,因为小羊和它的妈妈重聚了,所以我才有心思去看我的拖拉机。故选C

40题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这太出乎意料了,因为我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹。A. unexpected出乎意料的;B. dangerous危险的;C. embarrassing使人尴尬的;D. difficult困难的。上文说我看见拖拉机突然离开了我,下文说我跳下车时已经拉上了手刹,所以这是让人出乎意料的事情。故选A

41题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意:显然,Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. Fortunately幸运地;B. Generally通常;C. Immediately立即;D. Obviously显然。根据while Don stayed in his seat可知我跳下车,照顾小羊的时候,Don还坐在它的座位上。那么,很显然,是Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。故选D

42题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:显然,Don以某种方式使车子动了起来。A. lamb小羊;B. vehicle车辆;C. seat座位;D. fence栅栏。根据I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.可知我转过身去看拖拉机,却看见它突然离开了我。所以这里指的是Don开走了我的车。故选B

43题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时,我的心都僵在胸口。A. saw看到;B. stopped停止;C. remembered记得;D. drove驾驶。下文说,我拼命地追,所以我是看到了拖拉机朝高速公路开去。故选A

44题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我看到拖拉机朝高速公路开去时,我的心都僵在胸口。A. crowd人群;B. motorway高速公路;C. field旷野;D. hill小山。根据near where a motorway cuts through my land.having miraculously (奇迹般地) crossed the…road with fast-flowing traffic.可知拖拉机是朝高速公路开去。故选B

45题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意:我拼命地跑,但没能追上。A. take off起飞; B. catch up追上;    C. hold back阻止;D. get out出去。根据I ran desperately以及下文It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.可知我没有追上拖拉机。故选B

46题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我最后看到的是Don的脸,它平静地看着我。A. real真实的;B. best最好的;    C. basic基本的;D. last最后的。Don平静地看着我,这是我最后看到的事情。故选D

47题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的心都提到嗓子眼了,我抵达栅栏,仔细检查。A. fixed固定;B. noticed注意;    C. reached抵达;D. closed关。根据and looked over可知我是抵达了栅栏。故选C

48题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上,奇迹般地穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. resting 倚靠;B. running跑; C. parking停车;D. turning转动。根据the crash barrier in the central reservation可知拖拉机是靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上。故选A

49题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:拖拉机正靠在路中间预留地带的防撞栏上,奇迹般地穿过了车流如水的繁忙道路。A. steep陡峭的;B. long长的;C. rough粗糙的;D. busy繁忙的。根据fast-flowing traffic可知这条高速公路非常繁忙。故选D

50题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:我看不见Don,但当我接近拖拉机时,它跳上了马路,显然没有受伤,冲回我身边。A. abandoned抛弃;    B. approached接近;C. recognized意识到;D. repaired修理。下文说我的狗冲回我身边,所以我必定是接近了拖拉机。故选B

51题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我看不见Don,但当我接近拖拉机时,它跳上了马路,显然没有受伤,冲回我身边。A. unclean不洁的;B. uncertain不确定的;C. unhurt没有受伤的;D. unhappy不快乐的。根据下文no one got badly hurt可知我的狗没有受伤。故选C

52题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:警察来了,高速公路的运行又恢复了正常。A. arrived到达;B. replied回答;C. survived幸存;D. waited等待。下文说高速公路的运行又恢复了正常,可知是警察到达,处理了情况。故选A

53题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:我不能完全相信我的运气,结果没有人受重伤,但后果可能是可怕的。A. ability能力;B. dream梦想;    C. luck运气;D. idea想法。我的狗驾驶着拖拉机上了车水马龙的高速路,结果却没有人受伤,所以我不相信我有这么好的运气。故选C

54题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我不能完全相信我的运气,结果没有人受重伤,但后果可能是可怕的。A. common普通的;B. confusing混乱的;C. desirable令人向往的;D. awful可怕的。根据上文作者的极度担忧My heart froze in my chestHeart in mouth以及生活常识,动物开车上了高速路,结果可能是非常可怕的。故选D

55题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:Don那天晚上被给予了一顿特别的晚餐——我不想让它认为我生它的气。A. meal一餐;B. test测验;C. job工作;    D. lesson教训。根据下文I didn't want him thinking I was angry with him.可知我不想让它认为我生它的气,所以我给它提供了一顿特别的晚餐。故选A

【难句分析】

1. The lamb had become separated from its mother , so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat.

【分析】本句是复合句,含有sowhile引导的并列句和时间状语从句。

【译文】小羊羔和它的妈妈走散了,所以我跳下拖拉机去照顾它,而Don留在座位上。  

2. The last thing I saw was Don’s face, looking calmly back at me.

【分析】本句是个复合句, I saw 为省略了that的定语从句,修饰先行词The last thinglooking calmly back at me为现在分词短语做伴随状语。

【译文】最后看到的是Don的脸,他平静地看着我。

Passage42019·全国II

主题语境

语篇类型

文章词数

核心词汇

人与动物

故事叙述

303

 dog

It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central lowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip homefollowing a weekend of hunting. Ehlers ___41___about the small dog he had seen ___42___ alongside the road. He had ___43___ to coax()the dog to him butfrightenedit had ___44___.

Back homeEhlers was troubled by that ___45___ dog. Sofour days laterhe called his friend Gregand the two drove ___46___. After a long and careful ___47___. Greg sawacross a fieldthe dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___. It just started licking()Ehlers’ face.

A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ___50___ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a ___51___ number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ___52___ the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ___53___ their dog.

Jeff had ___54___ in lowa before Thanksgiving with his dogRosiebut the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched ___55___ for Rosie in the next four days.

Ehlers returned to Minnesotanand then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan. “It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who  ___56___ enough to go to that kind of ___57___”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue ___58___.

I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as  ___59___ to it as I am to my dogs” says Ehlers. “If it had been my dogI’d hope that somebody would be ___60___ to go that extra mile.”

41. A. read B. forgot C. thought D. heard

42. A. read B. trembling C. eating D. sleeping

43. A. tried B. agreed C. promised D. regretted

44. A. calmed down B. stood up C. rolled over D. run off

45. A. injured B. stolen C. lost D. rescued

46. A. home B. past C. back D. on

47. A. preparation B. explanation C. test D. search

48. A. cautiously B. casually C. skillfully D. angrily

49. A. surprise B. joy C. hesitation D. anxiety

50. A. predicted B. advertised C. believed D. recorded

51. A. house B. phone C. street D. car

52. A. called B. copied C. counted D. remembered

53. A. fed B. adopted C. found D. cured

54. A. hunted B. skied C. lived D. worked

55. A. on purpose B. on time C. in turn D. in vain

56. A. cares B. sees C. suffers D. learns

57. A. place B. trouble C. waste D. extreme

58. A. service B. plan C. effort D. team

59. A. equal B. allergic C. grateful D. close

60. A. suitable B. proud C. wise D. wiling

【答案解析】

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ehlers和他的朋友救助了一只丢失的小狗,最终帮它找到了主人。

41.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers和朋友一起去找那只狗可知,此处是指Ehlers一直在想关于那只狗的事,think about考虑。故选C

42.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文作者去哄小狗可知,这只狗是在路边发抖,trembling发抖。故选B

43.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文可知,他在尽力的哄那只狗,try to do sth尽力做某事。故选A

44.D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。他在尽力的哄那只狗,可是它很害怕,所以此处是指那只狗被吓跑了,run off“跑开的意思。故选D

45.C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文可知,这只狗是别人丢失的,因此此处用lost“丢失。故选C

46.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意:因此,四天后,Ehlers给他的朋友Greg打电话,他们俩又驱车返回。 根据上文可知,此处是指他们又返回到之前见到那只走失的狗的地方,back向后,回原处。故选C

47.D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Greg在越过田野的地方看到了那只小狗可知,此处是指他们在仔细寻找小狗,search寻找。故选D

48.A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。根据文中提到的frightenednervousnessfear等词并结合上文并根据下文Ehlers最终成功的安抚了它可知,小狗非常的谨慎小心,cautiously谨慎地,小心地。故选A

49.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文小狗开始舔Ehlers的脸可知,它不再害怕,而是很开心,joy开心。故选B

50.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当地的一个农民告诉他们,这听起来像是当地报纸上刊登的那只丢失的狗。根据本句的in the local paper及语境可知,此处是指在报纸上刊登的,advertise登广告。故选B

51.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据下文Ehlers给狗的主人打电话可知,此处是指广告上有电话号码,phone number电话号码。故选B

52.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知,此处是指EhlersJeffLisa(狗的主人)打了电话,call打电话。故选A

53.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据上下文语境可知,Ehlers给他们打电话是要告知他找到了他们的狗,find找到。故选C

54.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。根据下文狗听到枪声吓跑了可知,此处是指Jeff带着狗在打猎,hunt打猎。故选A

55.D【解析】考查介词短语辨析。根据上文Ehlers找到的Jeff的狗可知,Jeff在狗丢失后没有找到他的狗,in vain徒劳。故选D

56.A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:很高兴知道还有那么一个人,他足够关心你,会去做这样麻烦的事。根据上文可知,此处是指Ehlers对狗足够关心,care关心。故选A

57.B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文Ehlers开车把那只小狗Rosie送到100英里远的机场,把它航空托运到密歇根可知,这是件很麻烦的事情,trouble麻烦。故选B

58.C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。根据上文可知,此处是指Lisa在评论Ehlers帮助他们找回狗付出的努力,effort努力。故选C

59.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我想无论是谁丢了狗,可能就像我接近我的狗一样去接近它。根据下文Ehlers说的话可知,此处是指他对待那只狗就像对自己的狗一样,close to靠近。故选D

60.D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我希望有人愿意付出更多的努力。根据上文语境可知,此处是表达他希望面对这样的事情,大家能愿意去付出更多努力去帮忙,be willing to do乐意做某事。故选D

【长难句析】

I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs.

【分析】本句是复合句,含有whoever引导的宾语从句,as ...... as.....表比较。

【译文】我想,丢了狗的人可能就像我对我的狗一样亲近。

Passage52019·全国卷III

主题语境

语篇类型

文章词数

核心词汇

人与自然

事例阐述

278

sunlight

The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- ___41___ six months out of the year.

Of coursewe ___42___ it when the sun is shining" says Karin Rowho works for the town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is ___43___but down in the valley it’s darker — it’s like on a ___44___ day.”

But that ___45___ when a system of high-tech ___46___ was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below. Wednesdayresidents(居民)of Rjukan ___47___ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to ___48___. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that ___49___ them to turn along with the sun throughout the ___50___ and to close during windy weather. They reflect a concentrated beam()of light onto the town’s central ___51___creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light ___52___Rjukan residents gathered together.

“People have been ___53___ there and standing there and taking ___54___ of each other" Ro says. "The town square was totally ___55___. I think almost all the people in the town were there. "The 3500 residents cannot all ___56___ the sunshine at the same time. ___57___the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s ___58___ residents.

"It's not very ___59___” she says"but it is enough when we are ___60___.”

41. A. only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely

42. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice

43. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide

44. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm

45. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered

46. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras

47. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined

48. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use

49. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows

50. A. day B. night C. month D. year

51. A. library B. hall C. square D. street

52. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped

53. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. siting

54. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold

55. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent

56. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store

57. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly

58. A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved

59. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy

60. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing

【语篇解读】本文属于记叙文,讲述北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射,为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。每当光线照射的时候,人们就聚集在广场上,为寒冷的冬季增添一丝明亮。

41.C  【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. only仅仅;B. obviously    显然地;C. nearly几乎;D. precisely准确的。根据前文from late September to mid-March可知,从九月底到三月中旬,差不多半年,故选C

42.D  【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. fear害怕;B. believe相信;C. hear听见;D. notice注意。根据后文We see the sky is 43 but down in the valley it's darker可知,我们看到天空是蓝色,但是到山谷的时候,就会变得更暗了,故可知,太阳照耀的时候,我们观察得到,故选D

43.B  【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. empty空的;B. blue蓝色的;C. high搞得;D. wide宽的。根据常识可知,有太阳的时候,天空是蓝色的,故选B

44.A  【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. cloudy多云的;B. normal正常的;C. different不同的;D. warm温暖的。根据前文down in the valley it's darker可知,到山谷的时候,天变暗了,像阴天一样,故选A

45.B  【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. helped帮助;B. changed改变;C. happened发生;D. mattered关系重大。根据后文可知,该镇引入一套阳光反射镜来改变这种情况,故选B

46.C  【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. computers电脑;B. telescopes望远镜;C. mirrors镜子;D. cameras相机。根据后文to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks可知,从附近的山顶上反射太阳光,故可知,为一枚镜子,故选C

47.C  【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. remembered记得;B. forecasted预报;C. received获得,收到;D. imagined想象。根据句意可知,该镇的居民获得了冬天里的第一缕阳光,故选C

48.D  【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. repair修理;B. risk风险;C. rest    休息;D. use使用。根据前一句their very first ray of winter sunshine可知,获得了冬天的第一缕阳光,是由于反射板投入使用了,故选Dput sth to use把某物投入使用。

49.B  【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:这些镜子由电脑控制,指导他们整天跟着太阳的位置移动而移动,在大风的天气就自动关闭。A. forbids禁止;B. directs指导,导演;C. predicts预测;D. follows跟随,追随。本句描述这套系统的工作原理,电脑控制镜子的移动,故选B

50.A  【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. day白天;B. night夜晚;C. month月;D. year年。根据文章可知,太阳光出现在白天,故选A

51.C  【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. library图书馆;B. hall大厅;C. square广场;D. street街道。根据后文The town square可知,镜子反射聚集的光会照在小镇的中心广场上,故选C

52.A  【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. appeared出现;B. returned归还;C. faded褪去;D. stopped停止。根据后文Rjukan residents gathered together可知,当光照出现的时候,居民出来,故选A

53.D  【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. driving驾驶;B. hiding隐藏;C. camping露营;D. sitting坐。根据本句and standing there可知,光照出现的时候,人们会出来活动,坐在那里,站在那里,故选D

54.A  【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A. pictures照片,图片;B. notes笔记;C. care照顾;D. hold抓住。根据文章可知,会彼此拍照,故选A

55.B  【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. new新的;B. full满的;C. flat平坦的;D. silent沉默的。根据后文I think almost all the people in the town were there.可知,差不多全镇的人都在广场上,故可知广场全是人,故选B

56.C  【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. block阻挡;B. avoid避免;C. enjoy喜欢,享受;D. store储存。根据句意可知,并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光,故选C

57.B  【解析】考查副词词义辨析。A. Instead代替;B. However然而;C. Gradually逐渐地;D. Similarly相似地。前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光,后一句,新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线,故可知前后句属于转折关系,故选B

58.D  【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. nature-loving热爱自然的;B. energy-saving节能的;C. weather-beaten受风雨侵蚀的;D. sun-starved渴望阳光的。根据前文可知,小镇差不多半年没有阳光,故可知小镇人们渴望阳光,故选D

59.A  【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A. big大的;B. clear清晰的;C. cold冷的;D. easy容易的。根据前文可知,镜子反射的光线有限,范围不够大,故选A

60.D  【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A. trying尝试;B. waiting    等待;C. watching    观看;D. sharing分享。根据句意可知,大家一起晒太阳就足够了,故选D

【长难句析】

1. The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- nearly six months out of the year.

【分析】本句的主语是The small town of Rjukan in Norwayand连接两个谓语 is situated does not get direct sunlight

【译文】挪威的小镇Rjukan位于几座山脉之间,从9月下旬到3月中旬——一年中有将近6个月——都没有阳光直射。  

2. But that changed when a system of high-tech mirrors was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below.

【分析】本句是个复合句,主句 that changed when引导的时间状语从句。

【译文】但当一套高科技反射镜系统被引入,将邻近山峰(山峰)的阳光反射到下面的山谷时,情况发生了变化。

Passage62019·浙江卷

主题语境

语篇类型

文章词数

核心词汇

人物故事

人物描写

287

  garbage-eating

There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause. Usuallythe ___36___ the idea isthe more it gets noticed. And that’s precisely why one ___37___ Frenchman has caught our attention.

Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europesurviving ___38___ on discarded(丢弃)food. The three-month1 900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s ___39___ of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world.

As you can ___40___the trip is no piece of cake. While restaurants ___41___ tons of food each yearmuch of it remains inaccessible because of ___42___ garbage containershealth regulationsor business policies. Only about one in ten places ___43___ him food that would otherwise be discarded.

For legal ___44___most restaurants have a policy against ___45___ food waste. "Some people have even ___46___ their jobs by giving me food" Dubanchet said.

What's ___47___ interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause. Berlin has been the ___48___ while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen. Therehe had to ___49___ at some ___50___ different stores or restaurants before finding food. The 50 is all the more serious when you consider the ___51___ exercise required to bike from France to Poland.

"I have to get food ___52___ because after all the biking I am tired and I need the ___53___"

Dubanchet explained. "Is my ___54___ full or empty? That is the most important thingnot what I am eating."

He aims to ___55___ his journey by mid-July. With any luckhe’ll turn a few more heads in the process.

36. A. cleverer B. older C. stranger D. simpler

37. A. garbage-eating B. sports-loving C. food-wasting D. law-breaking

38. A. secretly B. finally C. entirely D. probably

39. A. purpose B. way C. opinion D. dream

40. A. observe B. imagine C. suggest D. remember

41. A. store B. cook C. shop for D. throw away

42. A. locked B. damaged C. connected D. abandoned

43. A. bought B. offered C. ordered D. sold

44. A. reasons B. rights C. fees D. aids

45. A. begging for B. giving away C. hiding D. causing

46. A. did B. kept C. accepted D. risked

47. A. hardly B. usually C. particularly D. merely

48. A. easiest B. nearest C. biggest D. richest

49. A. work B. shout C. ask D. jump

50. A. competition B. conversation C. conflict D. challenge

51. A. adequate B. rewarding C. demanding D. suitable

52. A. again B. alone C. later D. fast

53. A. spirit B. energy C. time D. effort

54. A. stomach B. hand C. pocket D. basket

55. A. arrange B. restart C. report D. finish

【答案解析】

【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了一个吃垃圾的法国人引起了我们的注意,Baptiste Dubanchet骑着自行车穿越欧洲,完全靠丢弃的食物生存。

36. C  【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据Usuallythe 36 the idea isthe more it gets noticed.可知这里意思是通常,这个观点越奇怪,它就会越受到关注。A. cleverer更聪明的;B. older更老的;C. stranger更奇怪;D. simpler更简单的,故选C

37. A  【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europesurviving 38 on discarded(丢弃) food.可知这里意思是那就是为什么一个吃垃圾的法国人引起了我们的注意。A. garbage-eating吃垃圾的;B. sports-loving爱好体育的;C. food-wasting浪费食物的; D. law-breaking破坏法律的,故选A

38. C  【解析】考查副词辨析。句意:Baptiste Dubanchet骑着自行车穿越欧洲,完全靠丢弃的食物生存。A.secretly 秘密地;B. finally 最后;C. entirely完全地;D. probably很可能,故选C

39. B  【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:从巴黎到华沙历时三个月、1900英里的旅程,是Dubanchet引起欧洲和全世界对食物残羹注意的道路。A.purpose目的;B.way道路;C.opinion意见;D. dream梦想,故选B

40. B  【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:你可以想象,这次旅行不是小菜一碟。A. observe观察;B. imagine想象;C. suggest建议;D. remember记得,故选B

41. D  【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:虽然餐馆每年扔掉大量的食物,但由于垃圾容器上锁、卫生规定或商业政策,很多食物仍然难以接近。A . store存储;B.cook做饭;C. shop for购买某物;D. throw away扔掉,故选D

42.A   【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据it remains inaccessible可知这里意思是垃圾容器上锁。A.locked上锁的;B . damaged被损坏的;C.connected连接的;D. abandoned被抛弃的,故选A

43. B  【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:只有大约十分之一的地方给他提供了食物,否则就会被丢弃。A.bought买;B. offered提供;C . ordered命令;D. sold销售,故选B

44. A  【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:由于法律原因,大多数餐馆都有禁止浪费食物的政策。A.reasons原因;B. rights权利;C.fees费用;D. aids援助,故选A

45.B   【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:由于法律原因,大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。A. begging for乞求; B. giving away分发;C . hiding隐藏;D. causing造成,故选B

46. D  【解析】考查动词辨析。上文说由于法律原因,大多数餐馆都有禁止分发食物残渣的政策。可知这里意思是有些人甚至冒着失业的危险给我食物。A.did做;B. kept保持;C.accepted接受;D. risked的危险,故选D

47. C  【解析】考查副词辨析。句意:特别有趣的是各个城市对Dubanchet事件的态度。A.hardly几乎不;B. usually 通常;C . particularly特别是;D . merely仅仅,故选C

48. A  【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.可知这里意思是柏林是最容易的。A.easiest最容易的;B . nearest最近的;C . biggest最大的;D. richest最富有的,故选A

49. C  【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:在那里,他必须在大约50家不同的商店或餐馆询问,才能找到食物。A.work工作;B. shout 呼喊;C.ask询问;D. jump跳跃,故选C

50. D  【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的高强度运动时,挑战就更加严峻了。A. competition竞赛;B. conversation会话;C. conflict冲突;D. challenge挑战,故选D

51. C  【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的高强度运动时,挑战就更加严峻了。A. adequate充足的;B. rewarding有益的;C. demanding要求高的;D. suitable适当的,故选C

52.D   【解析】考查副词辨析。句意:我必须快点吃东西,因为骑了那么多自行车,我累了,我需要能量。A.again再一次;B. alone独自地;C . later后来;D. fast迅速地,故选D

53. B  【解析】考查名词辨析。根据because after all the biking I am tired可知我需要能量。A.spirit精神;

B . energy能量;C.time时间;D. effort努力,故选B

54.A   【解析】考查名词辨析。根据That is the most important thingnot what I am eating.可知这里意思是我的胃是满的还是空的。A. stomach胃;B. hand手;C. pocket口袋;D. basket篮子,故选A

55. D  【解析】考查动词辨析。根据With any luckhe'll tum a few more heads in the process.可知这里意思是他计划在七月中旬结束他的旅行。A.arrange安排;B . restart重新开始;C. report报告;D. finish结束,故选D

【长难句析】

 And that’s precisely why one garbage-eating Frenchman has caught our attention.

【分析】本句是复合句,含有宾语从句why one garbage-eating Frenchman has caught our attention.

【译文】这就是为什么一个吃垃圾的法国人引起了我们的注意。

Passage720211月浙江卷

Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to____16____on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I____17____myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was____18____at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of____19____, my worries had gone. Everyone was so____20____and like-minded that it was very____21____to feel at home.

I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day____22____. We had to____23____everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a____24____way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.

My job was to____25____a stairway out of rock. This____26____climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,never____27____.

Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The____28____of knowing that my____29____will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.

But on the last night we were____30____in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to____31____. I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only____32____part of my tent.

____33____, I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I____34____. I think I am much____35____for having taken part in the project.

16. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research

17. A. imagined B. introduced C. enjoyed D. found

18. A. annoyed B. surprised C. scared D. excited

19. A. arriving B. sleeping C. thinking D. walking

20. A. confident B. friendly C. energetic D. curious

21. A. funny B. good C. lucky D. easy

22. A. tour B. project C. campaign D. course

23 A. drop B. make C. carry D. buy

24. A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick

25. A. build B. test C. clean D. guard

26. A. helped B. ended C. allowed D. meant

27. A. hunted B. trained C. seen D. fed

28. A. satisfaction B. ambition C. expectation D. intention

29. A. work B. memory C. record D. story

30. A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated

31. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing

32. A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft

33. A. By the way B. Regardless of that C. Needless to say D. In either case

34. A. survived B. resisted C. escaped D. recovered

35. A. smarter B. stronger C. happier D. busier

【答案】16. D    17. D    18. C    19. A    20. B    21. D    22. B    23. C    24. C    25. A    26. D    27. C    28. A    29. A    30. B    31. D    32. B    33. C    34. A    35. B

【解析】

【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志愿者的机会,虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水,为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等磨难,仍然感谢这个经历让自己变得更坚强。

16题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:我开始在网上查询并且发现美国志愿者A. calculate计算;B. negotiate协商;C. advertise登广告;D. research研究。根据前文的“Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.”可知,作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选D项。

17题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:三个月后,我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagined想象;B. introduced介绍;C. enjoyed喜欢;D. found发现。根据前文的“I began to_1_on the Internet…”可知,作者之前还在网上查阅,三个月后自己就动身了。故选D项。

18题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月,我很害怕。A. annoyed烦恼的;B. surprised惊讶的;C. scared害怕的;D. excited兴奋的。根据后面的“my worries had gone.”可知,我一开始很担忧。故选C项。

19题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而,到达15分钟里我的担忧就消失了。A. arriving到达;B. sleeping睡觉;C. thinking思考;D. walking行走。根据“feel at home”得知到达目的地不久,作者就不担心了。故选A项。

20题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. confident自信的;B. friendly友好的;C. energetic活力的;D. curious好奇的。根据后文“and like-minded”可推断,作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B项。

21题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. funny搞笑的;B. good好的;C. lucky幸运的;D. easy容易的。根据 “that like-minded”“feel at home”得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投,感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D项。

22题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头8天的项目。A. tour游览;B. project项目;C. campaign活动;D. course课程。根据下文“for having taken part in the project”可知,这是在说当志愿者的项目,原词复现。故选B项。

23题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。A. drop掉下;B. make制作;C. carry携带;D. buy购买。根据下文“with a heavy pack”可知,作者他们要背负着必需品走。故选C项。

24题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:可能看起来不远,但是在35度高温下,背着沉重的物品,我的腿像是着了火。A. nice好的;B. safe安全的;C. long长的;D. quick快的。根据前文“walk three miles”可知,作者他们走的路程不远。故选C项。

25题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。A. build建造;B. test测试;C. clean清洁;D. guard保卫。根据下文“climbing up and down the side of a mountain.”可知,作者在狮子栖息地建一个阶梯供狮子攀爬。故选A项。

26题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。A. helped帮助;B. ended结束;C. allowed允许;D. meant意味。根据“climbing up and down”可知,台阶修好了意味着狮子可以爬上爬下。故选D项。

27题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:虽然我应该说他们只被听说过,从没被亲眼见过。A. hunted捕猎;B. trained训练;C. seen看到;D. fed喂养。根据前文“although I should say they were only heard”可知,作者以前没有见过。故选C项。

28题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上,我的满足感是巨大的。A. satisfaction满意;B. ambition雄心;C. expectation期待;D. intention意图。根据上文的“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知,我修的台阶成型了,我很满意。故选A项。

29题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上,我的满足感是巨大的。A. work工作,作品;B. memory回忆;C. record记录;D. story故事。根据上文的“My job was to”“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知,修台阶是我的工作。故选A项。

30题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:但是在最后一晚,我们被困在雷雨中。A. left离开;B. caught捉住;C. attacked袭击;D. separated分离。根据下文“I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent”可知,作者他们被困在雷雨中。故选B项。

31题详解】

考查形容词短语辨析。句意:温度接近零度。A. boiling煮沸的的;B. average平均的;C. normal正常的;D. freezing冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选D项。

32题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。A. tidy干净的;B. dry干的;C. new新的;D. soft软的。根据上文的“thunderstorm”和后文的“part of my tent”可知,帐篷里进了水,作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选B项。

33题详解】

考查介词短语词义辨析。句意:不用说我受了很多苦。A. By the way顺便问一下;B. Regardless of that尽管这样;C. Needless to say 不用说;D. In either case在这两种情况下。根据前文给狮子栖息地建造台阶和下雨天帐篷漏水可知,作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选C项。

34题详解】

考查动词辨析。句意:但是我知道不论人生中面对什么,我都在这,我都活了下来。A. survived生存;B. resisted反抗;C. escaped逃离,抓牢;D. recovered恢复。根据上文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.”可知,作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来,挺过去。故选A项。

35题详解】

考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意:我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。A. smarter更聪明的;B. stronger更强壮的;C. happier更快乐的;D. busier更忙碌的。根据前文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选B项。

 

Passage82020·天津卷

Detective Ashley Jones works at a police department in England. He has recently made a significant___16___- -loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes but it can be___17___in a clever way. The___18___? Chat benches.

Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who had been cheated of her___19___. The lady would get a call from a stranger every morning who ___20___made her believe that he was her friend and then she lent him about “f 31000 . Jones was___21___ when she said that she didn’t actually___22___ being cheated. “Otherwise 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end” she said.

This led Jones to the conclusion that there are too many extremely ___23___ people in his community who are easy targets of cheating. So he___24___ to do something about it. He_____25_____ the police department to allow him to _____26_____  a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. Then he hung a colorful sign on each of the benches that_____27_____:”HAPPY TO CHAT. “Just a few days after the signs went up he found people sitting there and engaging in active and_____28_____ conversations.

The idea is catching on_____29_____There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England. More new chat benches have sprung up across the UK and beyond. All who participated have gained a(n)_____30_____ outcome from getting involved. Jones’ idea has been fully _____31_____-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help_____32_____ the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.

This effort is not just a(n) _____33_____ at being community minded- -it’s also a _____34_____ measure. It prevents people who are cut off from society falling victim to cheaters.

The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project that_____35_____ those of all ages to interact and get to know each other in the future.

16. A. choice B. discovery C. visit D. promise

17. A. experienced B. suffered C. prevented D. felt

18. A. solution B. puzzle C. excuse D. intention

19. A. pleasure B. prize C. credit D. money

20. A. eventually B. frequently C. previously D. occasionally

21. A. ashamed B. shocked C. excited D. amused

22. A. mind B. forgive C. risk D. enjoy

23. A. active B. lonely C. cautious D. stubborn

24. A. learned B. refused C. pretended D. decided

25. A. forced B. ordered C. convinced D. taught

26. A. put away B. make out C. tear apart D. set up

27. A. read B. claimed C. meant D. implied

28. A. formal B. joyful C. awkward D. crazy

29. A. randomly B. slowly C. quickly D. purposefully

30. A. positive B. disappointing C. correct D. embarrassing

31. A. realized B. examined C. discussed D. formed

32. A. break down B. put up C. keep off D. take out

33. A. glance B. attempt C. knock D. attack

34. A. heart-breaking B. risk-taking C. face-saving D. crime-cutting

35. A. forbids B. appoints C. encourages D. troubles

【答案】16. B    17. C    18. A    19. D    20. A    21. B    22. A    23. B    24. D    25. C    26. D    27. A    28. B    29. C    30. A    31. A    32. A    33. B    34. D    35. C

【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了艾什莉·琼斯警探在英国的一个警察局工作。他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。琼斯警探通过设置聊天长椅,帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。聊天长椅是一个很棒的新项目,它不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。

16.考查名词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. choice选择;B. discovery发现;C. visit参观;D. promise许诺。下文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes说孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。这是一项重大的发现。故选B

17.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他最近有了一项重大发现--孤独是一个严重的社会问题,它会导致抑郁甚至犯罪,但它可以用一种聪明的方法加以阻止。A. experienced经历;B. suffered遭受;C. prevented阻止;D. felt 感觉。根据下文Chat benches.可知对于这一社会问题,有阻止的方法。故选C

18.考查名词词义辨析。句意:解决方案?长椅上聊天。A. solution解决方案;B. puzzle谜;C. excuse借口;D. intention目的。根据下文的回答Chat benches可知这里是询问解决方案是什么。故选A

19.考查名词词义辨析。句意:琼斯是在与一位被骗了钱的老妇人交谈后产生这个想法的。A. pleasure快乐;B. prize奖品;C. credit信用; D. money钱。根据下文and then she lent him about £31000可知这位老妇人被骗了钱。故选D

20.考查副词词义辨析。句意:这位女士每天早上都会接到一个陌生人的电话,他最终让她相信他是她的朋友,然后她就借给了他大约31万英镑。A. eventually 最后;B. frequently频繁地;C. previously先前;D. occasionally偶尔。下文说这位老妇人借给了这个陌生人大约31万英镑,由此可知,他最终让她相信他是她的朋友。故选A

21.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时,琼斯很震惊。A. ashamed羞愧的;B. shocked震惊的;C. excited兴奋的;D. amused愉悦的。按照正常的逻辑,一个人被骗了很多钱,她一定会很生气。然而,这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以琼斯很震惊。故选B

22.考查动词词义辨析。句意:当这位老妇人说她实际上并不介意被骗时,琼斯很震惊。A. mind介意;B. forgive原谅;C. risk冒险;D. enjoy享受。根据下文老妇人说的话 “Otherwise 1would never speak to another person for weeks on end” she said.可知她并不介意被骗。故选A

23.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这使琼斯得出结论,在他的社区中有太多极度孤独的人,他们很容易成为欺骗的目标。A. active积极的;B. lonely孤独的;C. cautious小心的; D. stubborn顽固的。上文老妇人说:“否则,我几个星期都不会跟别人说话,结合下文,琼斯创建了聊天长椅可知在他的社区中,有太多极度孤独的人。故选B

24.考查动词词义辨析。句意:所以他决定做点什么。A. learned学习;B. refused拒绝;C. pretended假装;D. decided决定。下文He…the police department to allow him to…a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.描述了琼斯采取的实际行动,由此可知,琼斯决定做点什么。故选D

25.考查动词词义辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个聊天长椅A. forced强迫;B. ordered命令;C. convinced说服;D. taught教。下文说他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个聊天长椅,由此可知,他是说服了警察局。故选C

26.考查动词短语辨析。句意:他说服了警察局允许他在当地的两个公园里设立了几个聊天长椅A. put away放好;B. make out辨认出;C. tear apart……弄乱;D. set up设立。根据a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks.可知是在当地的两个公园里设立几个聊天长椅。故选D

27.考查动词词义辨析。句意:然后,他在每张长椅上挂了一块彩色的牌子,上面写着:“聊天愉快。” A. read写着;B. claimed宣称;C. meant意味;D. implied暗示。根据”HAPPY TO CHAT. “可知这是牌子上写的内容。表示牌子上写着……”应用动词read,故选A

28.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:就在张贴告示几天后,他发现人们坐在那里,进行着积极愉快的交谈。A. formal正式的;B. joyful愉快的; C. awkward尴尬的;D. crazy疯狂的。下文说琼斯的想法已经完全实现了,结合琼斯创建聊天长椅的初衷以及牌子上所写的内容快乐聊天,可知人们坐在那里,进行着积极愉快的交谈。故选B

29.考查副词词义辨析。句意:这个想法很快就流行起来了。A. randomly随便地;B. slowly缓慢地;C. quickly很快地;D. purposefully有目的地。根据There are now over 40 chat benches throughout England.可知这个想法很快就流行起来了。故选C

30.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。A. positive积极的;B. disappointing令人失望的;C. correct正确的;D. embarrassing使人尴尬的。根据Jones' idea has been fully…-the “HAPPY TO CHAT” benches help…the invisible social barrier that keeps people from saying hello.可知琼斯的想法已经完全实现了,聊天愉快长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。因此,推断出所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。故选A

31.考查动词词义辨析。句意:琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。A. realized实现;B. examined检查;C. discussed讨论;D. formed形成。下文说聊天愉快长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。由此可知,琼斯的想法已经完全实现了。故选A

32.考查动词短语辨析。句意:“聊天愉快长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。A. break down打破; B. put up提供;C. keep off不接近;D. take out取出。上文说所有参与的人都从参与中获得了积极的结果。由此可知,聊天愉快长椅帮助打破了人们打招呼的无形的社会障碍。故选A

33.考查名词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. glance一瞥; B. attempt尝试;C. knock敲打;D. attack攻击。琼斯设置的聊天长椅是一个新颖且有趣的尝试。故选B

34.考查形容词词义辨析。句意:这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。A. heart-breaking令人心碎的;B. risk-taking冒险的;C face-saving顾全面子的;D. crime-cutting减少犯罪的。根据上文loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes以及那位被骗了钱的老妇人的悲惨经历,可知这不仅仅是一种社区意识的尝试,也是一种减少犯罪的措施。故选D

35.考查动词词义辨析。句意:“聊天长椅是一个很棒的新项目,鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。A. forbids禁止;B. appoints任命;C. encourages鼓励;D. troubles麻烦。根据The Chat Bench is a fantastic new project 以及上文聊天长椅所产生的积极效果,可知聊天长椅,鼓励所有年龄段的人在未来相互交流和了解。故选C

Passage92019·全国卷I

Every year about 40000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro the highest mountain in Africa. They ___41___ with them lots of waste. The ___42___ might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing changing the ___43___ of Kilimanjaro.

Hearing these stories I’m ___44___ about the place — other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.

However I soon ___45___ that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of ___46___ among tons of rubbish. I find a ___47___ mountain with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are ___48___ but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be ___49___.

The best of a Kilimanjaro ___50___ in my opinion isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are ___51___ as spiritual places by many cultures. This ___52___ is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as ___53___ go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3 000 meters ___54___ lands of low growing plants. Further up the weather ___55___ — low clouds envelope the mountainsides which are covered with thick grass. I ___56___ twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4 000 meters is the highland ___57___: gravel(砾石) stones and rocks. ___58___ you climb into an arctic-like zone with ___59___ snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.

Does Kilimanjaro ___60___ its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peaceI found the opposite to be true.

41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring

42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters

43. A. position B. age C. face D. name

44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy

45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate

46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones

47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean

48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary

49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away

50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight

51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded

52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose

53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials

54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to

55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits

56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add

57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake

58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally

59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial

60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire

【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。每年有4万登山者攀登非洲第一高峰乞力马扎罗山,他们带来了垃圾,破坏了这里的环境。再加上冰川的消失,改变着它的地貌。对此作者对这个地方很是怀疑,想一探究竟。当他来到这里,他发现当地环保措施很到位,同时作者发现乞力马扎罗山有多种生态系统。作者认为乞力马扎罗山不应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。

41.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. keep保持;B. mix混合;C. connect联系;D. bring带来。句意:他们带来了很多的垃圾。由“lots of waste”可知,登山者带来了很多的垃圾。故D选项切题。

 42.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. stories故事;B. buildings建筑物;C. crowds人群;D. reporters记者。句意:人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。由“40000”可知,这是一个庞大的群体。故C选项切题。

43. C【解析】考查名词辨析。A.position位置;B.age年龄;C. face外貌;D. name名字。句意:冰川正在消失,改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。冰川是乞力马扎罗山地貌之一,所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故C选项切题。

44. B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. silent 沉默的;B. skepetical怀疑的;C. serious严肃的;D. crazy疯狂的。句意:听到这些故事,我对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为更纯粹的自然体验。由下文可知,作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山,作者想解开这个怀疑。故be skepetical about“……怀疑符合句意。故B选项切题。

45. A【解析】考查动词辨析。A. discover发现;B. argue争论;C. decide决定;D. advocate提倡。句意:然而,我很快发现,自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来,情况发生了很大的变化。由“much has changed ”可知,作者发现了很大的变化。故A选项切题。

46. C【解析】考查名词辨析。A.equipment装备 ;B. grass C. camps 营地;D. stone石头。句意:我很快发现,自从那些令人不安的关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的报道出现以来,情况发生了很大的变化。由下文“at camps ”可知,本句属于原词再现。故C选项切题。

47. D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. remote遥远的;B. quiet安静的C. tall高的; D. clean干净的。句意:我发现了一座干净的山,营地里和路边都有厕所。由“with tolilet at camps and along the paths”可知,营地里和路边都有厕所。所以这是一座干净的山。故D选项切题。

48. C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. new新的;B. special特殊的;C. significant相当大的;D. necessary必要的。句意:环境挑战是巨大的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知,很多的登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失。这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。故C选项切题。

49.A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A. paying off还清,报偿;B.spreading out伸展;C. blowing up爆炸;D. fading away;逐渐消退。句意:环境挑战是巨大的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。由“but”可知,前后表示转折关系,说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。故A选项切题。

50.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. atmosphere氛围;B. experience经历;C. experiment实验;D.sight视力。句意:在我看来,来乞力马扎罗最好的经历并不是到达顶峰。登山就是人生的一种经历。故B选项切题。

51.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. studied学习;B. observed观察;C. explored探索;D. regarded认为。句意:山被许多文化视为精神场所。由“spiritual space ”可知,山被许多文化视为精神场所。be regarded as“被视为......”符合句意。故D选项切题。

52. A【解析】考查名词辨析。A. view景色 ;B.quality质量 ;C. reason原因;D. purpose目的 句意:在乞力马扎罗,当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时,景色差异尤为明显。有五个生态系统,所以景色也是明显的不同。故A选项切题。

53.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. scientists科学家;B. climbers 登山者;C. locals当地人; D. officials官员。句意:在乞力马扎罗,当登山者在几公里的空间里穿越五个生态系统时,景色尤为明显。故A选项切题。来到乞力马扎罗都是为了登山,也只有登山者能体验到五个生态系统。故B选项切题。

54.D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。A.holding on to抓住;B. going back to回到(原来的话题);C. living up to履行;D. giving way to......让步。句意:热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头,让位于大片的低矮植物。这里指热带雨林在海拔3000米处突然到了尽头,所以海拔3000米以上就是大片的低矮植物。 giving way to“......让步符合句意。故D选项切题。

55.A 【解析】考查动词辨析。A. changes改变;B. clears放晴;C. improves提高; D.permits允许。句意:再往上走,天气变了--低云笼罩着被厚厚的草覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds ”可知,生态系统不同,天气也是不同的,是变化的。故A选项切题。

 56. C【解析】考查动词辨析。A. match匹配;B. imagine想象;C. count数;D.add增加。句意:我从站的地方数出了十二种绿色。由“twelve shades of green”可知,作者数出了十二种绿色。故C选项切题。

57.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。A. village村庄; B. desert 沙漠,荒地;C. road马路;D.lake湖 。句意:海拔4000米以上是高山寒漠:砾石、石头和岩石。由“gravestones and rocks”可知,拔4000米以上是高山寒漠。故B选项切题。

58. D【解析】考查副词辨析。A.Obviously明显地;B.Easily容易地;C.Consequently结果;D.Finally最后地。句意:海拔4000米以上是高地沙漠:砾石、石头和岩石。生态系统最顶端也是最后一个生态系统是冰川地区。故D选项切题。

59. A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A. permanent.永久的;B.little小的;C.fresh新鲜的;D.artifical人造的。句意:很明显,你爬进了一个类似北极的地带,那里有着永久性的积雪和可能很快消失的冰川。由“arctic -like zone”可知,这是一个类似北极的地带,所以有永久性的积雪。故A选项切题。

60.B  【解析】考查动词辨析。A. enjoy享受;B.deserve值得;C. save挽救;D. acquire获得。句意:乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山,挤满了成群的游客,破坏了宁静的气氛,它值得这样的名声吗?。这里作者在疑问乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被誉为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。以此在对后面的回答做好铺垫。故B选项切题。

Passage102019·江苏卷

Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modem age. There are species(物种)that are ___36___ every day. The white-naped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to ___37___ the species from going out of existence.

Chris and Tim work at a zoo helping endangered cranes with their ___38___. Emma a female crane has been in their ___39___ since she arrived in 2004.

Born at an international crane foundation Emma was ___40___ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected ___41___ though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had ___42___ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She ___43___ to live with male cranes and even had a ___44___ for killing some of them which made it ___45___ for her to become a mother.

___46___ the two zookeepers didn’t want to see the extinction(灭绝)of this precious species. With their patience and efforts they successfully developed a ___47___ of artificial breeding(人工繁殖)and natural reproduction. This ___48___ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.

The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be ___49___ more efforts must be made because the population of the crane in the wild is on the ___50___ and many other species appear headed toward extinction. ___51___ not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts feelings and most importantly equal rights to survive.

How can we ___52___ the ever-widening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the ___53___: human beings took it for granted that their ___54___  held all the solutions but maybe their hearts can be a better ___55___.

36. A. growing B. migrating C. competing D. disappearing

37. A. ban B. save C. split D. remove

38. A. abortion B. recreation C. reproduction D. administration

39. A. care B. eye C. mind D. story

40. A. found B. chosen C. raised D. seized

41. A. bonus B. consequence C. victory D. sacrifice

42. A. never B. always C. unluckily D. cheerfully

43. A. liked B. refused C. decided D. hesitated

44. A. gift B. skill C. concern D. reputation

45. A. illegal B. inspiring C. important D. impossible

46. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Instead

47. A. combination B. collection C. strategy D. system

48. A. forced B. forbade C. taught D. enabled

49. A. defeated B. grateful C. assured D. tolerant

50. A.list B. rise C. agenda D. decline

51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary

52. A. leave B. bridge C. open D. identify

53. A. course B. excuse C. answer D. reward

54. A. brains B. behaviors C. services D. projects

55. A. guide B. treat C. example D. companion

【语篇解读】这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。在现代,野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁,每天都有一些物种灭绝。白鹤就是其中之一。但是,有很多人正在竭尽全力保护这些物种免于灭绝。ChrisTim通过努力,帮助一只名叫Emma的雌鹤繁殖了五只幼鹤。

36.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据第一句“Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age”和最后一句提到的“…the species from going out of existence”可以推知,野生动物正在遭受巨大威胁,每天都有一些物种灭绝,即:消失D选项正确。

37.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。前文提到每天都有物种消失,那么该句应指科学家们正在竭尽全力保护这些物种,使它们免于灭绝。故B选项正确。

38.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。上文最后一句提到科学家们竭尽全力保护濒临灭绝的物种,由此推知,该处应指ChrisTim帮助濒危物种繁殖,增加它们的数量,这样它们才不至于灭绝。故该空应指繁殖C选项正确。

39.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。自从2004年,Emma一直由ChrisTim照顾。该空和下一句中的“human caretaker”呼应。故选A

40.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据空后的“human caretakers”可知,caretaker当然是照看Emma的。故该句应指:出生在一个国际鹤基地,Emma由人类抚养照看。故选C

41.B 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据空后的though(尽管)可知,though前后的两个句子之间是转折关系。后面提到,她过得很开心。根据转折关系,那么前文应该表示但是这导致了出乎意料的结果B选项正确。

42A 【解析】考查副词辨析。根据下文中的“become deeply attached to humans…even …killing some of them”等内容可知,因为Emma一直由人类照看,所以它没有将自己看作是一只鹤,而是深深的依恋上了人类。故选A

43.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据上文,Emma不把自己当作鹤,所以它拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起。B选项正确。

44.D 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据even(甚至)这个递进关系可知,Emma不仅拒绝和雄鹤生活在一起,而且因为弄死了几只雄鹤而臭名昭著。故D选项正确。

45.D 【解析】考查形容词辨析。Emma拒绝和雄鹤生活,这当然使得她不可能生育小鹤,成为妈妈。D选项正确。

46.C 【解析】考查连词辨析。上文提到Emma拒绝和雄鹤生活,使得她不可能生育小鹤。下文提到两位动物园管理员不想看到这一物种的灭绝。由此推知,上下文之间是转折关系。C选项正确。

47.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。经过努力,ChrisTim成功的将人工繁殖自然繁殖结合在一起。A选项正确。

48.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。ChrisTim成功的将人工繁殖自然繁殖结合在一起,这使得Emma诞育了五只幼鹤。enable sb. to do sth.意为使……能够做某事D选项正确。

49.C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。根据后文的more efforts must be made可以推知,尽管两个人为自己的成就感到骄傲,但是他们还需要付出更多努力,因为野生鹤的数量在减少。所以他们还不能完全放心(白鹤不会灭绝)。故选Cassured意为确定的,有把握的,自信的

50.D 【解析】考查动词辨析。根据because可知,前后句之间是因果关系,根据more efforts must be made可以推知,野生白鹤数量在减少,所以,还要付出更多的努力(来挽救白鹤灭绝)。故D选项正确。

51.B 【解析】考查介词辨析。前文提到:野生白鹤数量正在减少,很多其他物种似乎也在逐渐灭绝。该句提到,并不是所有的人都意识到野生动物有思想,感情,以及平等生存的权利。很明显,该句是对前文出现野生动物濒临灭绝原因的一种解释。故B选项正确。after all:毕竟(用于解释和说明理由)。

52.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。针对上文提到的很多物种灭绝这种现象,作者提出一个问题:我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢?B选项正确。

53.C 【解析】考查名词辨析。前文提出一个问题:我们如何来消除将人类和动物隔开的不断扩大的鸿沟呢?ChrisTim的做法给我们提供了一个答案。C选项正确。

54.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据下文中的“hold all the solutions”可以推断出,人类认为自己的大脑掌握着所有的解决办法。即:人类认为自己的大脑可以想出所有的解决办法。A选项正确。

55.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。根据转折词but可以推知,人类想当然的认为自己的大脑掌握着所有的解决办法。但或许他们可以用更好地引领他们去保护这些濒危的动物。故A选项正确。

Passage112020年山东卷

Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second_____21_____. He learned the value and beauty of ____22____ there from a very young age.

When he was 16, Molai began to notice something ____23____ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the ____24____ it caused had driven away a number of birds. ____25____, the number of snakes had declined as well. He ____26____ that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the ____27____. The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek ____28____ during the daytime. He turned to the ____29____ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and _____30_____a nearby island where he began to plant trees.

____31____ young plants in the dry season was ______32______for a lone boy. Molai built at the _____33_____ of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to______34______ rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below.

Molai _____35_____ to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.

21. A. dream B. job C. home D. choice

22. A. nature B. youth C. culture D. knowledge

23. A. precious B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward

24. A. waste B. tension C. pain D. damage

25. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise

26. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted

27. A. noise B. heat C. disease D. dust

28. A. directions B. partners C. help D. shelter

29. A. labor B. police C. forest D. finance

30. A. rebuilt B. discovered C. left D. managed

31. A. Decorating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding

32. A. tough B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial

33. A. back B. top C. foot D. side

34. A. cool down B. keep off C. purify D. collect

35. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. continued

【答案】21. C    22. A    23. C    24. D    25. A    26. B    27. B    28. D    29. C    30. B    31. C    32. A    33. B    34. D    35. D

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。Molai在印度的一个小村庄长大。16岁的时候,一场洪水导致他的家园遭受巨大损失。树木的缺乏导致这些动物失去了遮蔽物,很多鸟儿离开,蛇类数量减少。Molai决定改变这一切,他经过努力,在附近找到了一个小岛,开始种树。在30多年的时间里,他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。

21题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:这个村庄位于一些湿地附近,那里成了他的第二个家。A. dream梦想;B. job工作;C. home家;D. choice选择。根据空前的second可知,他出生的村庄是他的家,村庄附近的一些湿地成为了他的第二个。故选C

22题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:他从小就在那里了解到了大自然的价值和美丽。A. nature自然;B. youth青春,年轻;C. culture文化;D. knowledge知识。湿地展现了大自然的价值和美。故选A

23题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:16岁时,Molai开始注意到他的家周围发生了一些令人不安的事情。A. precious宝贵的;B. interesting有趣的;C. disturbing令人不安的,引起烦恼的;D. awkward尴尬的,笨拙的。该段后半部分提到:洪水侵袭,很多鸟儿离开,蛇的数量减少。这些情况都不正常,令人不安。故选C

24题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:那年早些时候,一场洪水袭击了这个地区,洪水造成的损害赶走了很多鸟类。A. waste废物;B. tension紧张;C. pain疼痛,痛苦;D. damage损害,伤害。洪水侵袭这个地区,它会损害庄稼、树木,这些都会导致鸟儿们离开。故选D

25题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意:此外,蛇的数量也减少了。A. Besides此外,另外;B. However但是;C. Therefore因此;D. Otherwise否则。根据as well可知,洪水不仅导致很多鸟儿离开。而且,它还导致蛇的数量减少。故选A

26题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. agreed同意;B. realized意识到;C. remembered记住,记起;D. predicted预测。Molai“意识到鸟儿离开、蛇类减少是因为没有足够的树木。故选B

27题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:他意识到这是因为没有足够的树来保护它们免受炎热的影响。A. noise噪音;B. heat热;C. disease疾病;D. dust尘土。根据常识可知,树木可以提供阴凉,从而保护鸟类和蛇类免受炎热的影响。故选B

28题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:当然,解决的办法是种树,这样动物们就可以在白天寻找栖身之处。A. directions方向;B. partners伙伴,合作伙伴;C. help帮助;D. shelter遮蔽,庇护,遮蔽物。树木可以给动物们提供遮蔽。故选D

29题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:他向森林部门求助,但被告知那里什么也不长。A. labor劳动;B. police警察;C. forest森林;D. finance财政,金融。根据前一句中的“The solution, of course, was to plant trees”可知,Molai想要种树,所以他应该向森林部门求助。故选C

30题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:然而,Molai自己去看了看,发现了附近的一个岛屿,他开始在那里种树。A. rebuilt重建;B. discovered发现;C. left离开;D. managed设法做成。根据前面的”looking on his own”可知,他自己去看,那么接下来就应该是他发现了一个小岛。故选B

31题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说,在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. Decorating装饰;B. Observing观察到;C. Watering浇水;D. Guarding守卫。该段后半部分叙述的是Molai想尽办法收集水的努力。再结合该句中的“the dry season”可知,在旱季给幼苗浇水很难。故选C

32题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意:对一个孤独的男孩来说,在旱季给幼苗浇水是很困难的。A. tough困难的;B. illegal非法的;C. fantastic极好的;D. beneficial有益的。根据该段后半部分的叙述可知,Molai想尽办法收集雨水,由此推知,旱季缺水,给幼苗浇水很。故选A

33题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台,在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. back背部;B. top顶端;C. foot脚;D. side一边,一侧。根据该段最后一句“The water would then drip on the plants below”可知,水滴在下面的植物上。由此推知,竹子平台应该在每棵树苗的顶端。故选B

34题详解】

考查动词(短语)辨析。句意:Molai在每棵树苗的顶端都搭建了一个竹子平台,在那里他放置了带有小洞的陶罐来收集雨水。A. cool down冷却下来;B. keep off……保持距离;C. purify净化,使纯净;D. collect收集。根据常识可知,陶罐是用来盛水的。由此可知,他将陶罐放到竹子平台上收集雨水。故选D

35题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意:在接下来的37年里,Molai继续种树。A. returned返回;B. learned学会;C. failed失败;D. continued继续。根据后一句可知,他的努力使1360英亩的天然土地成为许多动植物的家园。由此推知,在接下来的37年里,他继续种树。故选D

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